ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM | XXII
SYSTEMATICS OF
MASDEVALLIA PART FOUR
Missouri Botanical Garden
ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM XXIII
SYSTEMATICS OF
MASDEVALLIA PART FOUR
M. Subgenus MASDEVALLIA Section MASDEVALLIA
Subsection CAUDATAE Subsection OS CILANTES Subsection SALTATRICES
Carlyle A. Luer
VY Missouri Botanical Garden
Missour! Botanical Garden Library
MONOGRAPHS IN SYSTEMATIC BOTANY FROM THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN
Volume 87
Published in April 2002 in an edition of 1000 copies.
ISSN 0161-1542 ISBN 1-930723-11-3
Carlyle A. Luer 3222 Old Oak Drive Sarasota, FL 34239-5019
EpiTror Victoria C. Hollowell
MANAGING EDITOR
Amy Scheuler McPherson
ASSOCIATE EDITOR Diana Gunter
TEXT FORMATTER Barbara Mack
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SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA i
FOREWORD
Part One contains the approximately 100 species attributed to subgenus Poly- antha. Part Two contains about another 100 species in four sections of subgenus Masdevallia and the subgenus Pygmaeia. Part Three contains subsection Masdeval- lia and section Minutae, together for another 100 species. Part Four contains three more subsections of Masdevallia for about another 100 species.
The species that have been added subsequently to previously treated taxa are included at the end of Part Four. To keep the work current, these pages are numbered to place them in alphabetical sequence within the section; that is, page 33a can be removed, if desired, and inserted between pages 32 and 33 of Part One. This maneuver is accomplished simply in the loose leaf edition, but care should be exercised in removing pages in the glue-bound edition. Further additions are inevi- table, hence the present format with text on the odd-numbered page and the illustra- tion on the reverse, the even-numbered page. The pages and plates of Part Four are numbered as continuations of Part Three, beginning with page 781 and Plate 394.
Replacement pages with changes in text or keys will eventually be included. These pages will retain the same number but with an exponent ( ') to indicate that it is the first change to that page. The page it replaces should be discarded. A page with the exponent (7 ) will indicate that it is the second change to that page. Most changes will not be printed until the final part.
Again, the veteran proofreaders have been Mrs. Amy McPherson, and Mr. and Mrs. H. Phillips Jesup.
New species in text of Part Four: Masdevallia brockmuelleri Luer, sp. nov. Masdevallia cordeliana Luer, sp. nov. Masdevallia cretata Luer, sp. nov. Masdevallia ephelota Luer & Cloes, sp. nov. Masdevallia pollux Luer & Cloes, sp. nov. Masdevallia siphonantha Luer, sp. nov. Masdevallia tricycla Luer, sp. nov.
Additional species for Part One: Masdevallia barrowii Luer, sp. nov., page 33a, to precede page 33. Masdevallia zumbuehlerae Luer, sp. nov., page 263a, to precede page 263.
Additional species for Part Two:
Masdevallia lappifera Luer, sp. nov., page 319a, to precede page 319. Masdevallia velella Luer, sp. nov., page 367a, to precede page 367. Masdevallia smallmaniana Luer, sp. nov., page 505a, to precede page 505b. Masdevallia strattoniana Luer, sp. nov., page 505b, to precede page 505.
Additional species for Part Three: Masdevallia calocalix Luer, sp. nov., page 533a, to precede page 533. Masdevallia repanda Luer, sp. nov., page 659a, to precede page 659.
Abbreviations of the names of authors are in accordance with the recommenda- tions in Authors of Plant Names, R.K. Brummit and C.E. Powell, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 1992.
Acronyms of the names of herbaria are in accordance with Index Herbariorum, Part I: Herbaria of the World, Eighth Edition, P.K. Holmgren, N.H. Holmgren, and Lisa C. Barnett, New York Botanical Garden, 1990.
Abbreviations of the names of publications follow the recommendations in Botanico-Periodicum-Huntianum (BPH), G.H.M. Lawrence, A.F.G. Buchheim, G.S. Daniels, and H. Dolezal, Hunt Botanical Library, Pittsburgh, PA, 1968.
The illustrations are selected from a large accumulation of evolving styles made over a 27-year period. The illustrations inked by Stig Dalstrém since 1992 bear his initial-logo beneath my initials as the illustrator.
SYSTEMATICS
OF MASDEVALLIA
PART FOUR
CONTENTS
AA
Frontispiece
levallia rhodehameliana
Masdevallia Sect. Masdevallia Subsect. Caudatae
781-916
Key to the species
784-787
917-978
Subsect. Oscillantes
918-920
Key to the species
Subsect. Saltatrices
979-1040
Key to the species
981-982
Cumulative Index
1041-1047
Addenda to previous parts follow the index
Watercolor by Stig Dalstrém
Masdevallia xanthina subsp. pallida
| | |
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 781 MASDEVALLIA SUBSECTION CAUDATAE
Masdevallia subgenus Masdevallia section Masdevallia subsection Caudatae ys. Man. Orchid. ~ 18, 1889. Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orch. 193, 1833. — From the Latin caudatus, * arn tails,’ referring to the caudate sepals. Syn.: Masdevallia sect. Cupulatae Pfitz., in Engler & Prantl, Nat. oe 2(6): 138, 1888. Type: Masdevallia a ae Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 3(1): 170, Ety.: From the Latin cupulatus, “cup-shaped,” referring to the tes aot cup. Syn.: Masdevallia sect. Triangulares Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 1: 372, 1874. Type: Masdevallia triangularis Lindl., Orch. Lind. 5, 1 Ety.: From the Latin triangularis, “‘triangular,”’ referring to the shape of the flower.
Subsection Masdevallia is characterized by the sepals connate from about midway into a cup, or farther into a tube, with all intermediate degrees of connation present. It lies between two extremes. The sepals of subsection Caudatae are shallowly connate or connate below the middle into a widely expanded cup with exposed lip and column flanked by the petals. The depth of the cup varies, with a gradual transition into the deeper cup of subsection Masdevallia. A few interme- diate species pose a problem, so they should be sought in either of the two subsec- tions.
The plants are caespitose with coriaceous, petiolate leaves that are similar in all the species of the section. The elongate peduncle is slender, terete, and single- flowered. The ovary is smooth. The usually widely spread, more or less similar, long-tailed sepals are connate basally into a shallow, gaping, sepaline cup. The column with flanking petals and lip stand more or less erect and usually exposed conspicuously in the center of the flower.
The petals are cartilaginous and carinate along the labellar margin, usually with a well-developed, retrorse, tooth-like process at the base. The lip is thin, flat, and more or less oblong, with the disc smooth or with a low pair of longitudinal calli. There is sometimes minimal thickening toward the base. The apex is usually broadly obtuse without a proximal constriction. However, the lip is often more or less narrowed below the apex. The lip is not sigmoid when viewed from the side, as often seen in subsection Oscillantes. A callus is usually present at the apex in both subsections.
The base is delicately hinged on the end to a free extension of the end of the column-foot. Usually, the lip is held erect between the petals and in front of the column. In those species with the column, petals and lip in a more or less horizon- tal position, the lip may be passively motile, as in subsection Oscilantes. The dif- ference between subsection Caudatae and subsection Oscilantes is gradual, so the subsection may not be clear. As in subsection Masdevallia, a species should be sought in either subsection.
This subsection of 57 closely allied species is widely distributed in the moun- tains of South America from coastal Venezuela through the Andes into Bolivia, but absent from Central America, the Antilles, and Brazil.
782 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
BINOMIALS PUBLISHED IN MASDEVALLIA ATTRIBUTABLE TO
SUBSECTION CAUDATAE
M. alismifolia Kraenzl. Plate 394. M. antonii K6niger Plate 395. M. aops Luer & Malo = M. klabochiorum M. apparitio Luer & Escobar Plate 396. M. arminii Linden & Rchb.f. Plates 397, 398. M. asterotricha K6niger Plate 399. M. boliviensis Schltr. Plates 400, 401. M. boliviensis subsp. leucophaea (Luer & Vasquez) Luer = M. boliviensis M. bottae Luer & Andreetta Plate 402. M. brockmuelleri Luer Plate 403. M. caudata Lindl. Plates 404, 405.
M. caudata var. shuttleworthii (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f. = M. caudata M. caudata var. gudotii Rchb.f. = M. caudata M. caudata var. xanthocorys (Rchb.f.) Veitch = M. caudata
M. cloesii Luer Plate 406. M. cordeliana Luer Plate 407. M. cucutillensis Kraenzl. = M. caudata M. cyclotega Koniger Plates 408, 409. M. cylix Luer & Malo Plates 410, 411. M. decumana Kéniger Plate 412. M. discolor Luer & Escobar Plates 413, 414. M. ephelota Luer & Cloes..... Plate 415. M. estradae Rchb.f. ................. Plate 416. M. estradae var. delicata Rchb.f. = M. estradae M. estradae var. ludibunda (Rchb.f.) Godefroy = M. ludibunda M. estradae var. xanthina (Rchb.f.) Veitch = M. estradae M. eucharis Luer....................... : Plate 417. M. eumeline Luer 0 Plate 418. M. expansa Rchb.f. oo... Plate 419. M. harlequina Luer.... Plate 420. M. hubeinii Luer & Wiirstle...... Plate 421. M. icterina Koniger...... ne Plate 422. sconsegenmnapanalstsgs OT Plate 423. M. instar Luer & Andreetta.........0. Plates 424, 425. M. iris Luer & Escobar... Plate 426. bochiorum cs 1k Auer thet a ane na Plates 427, 428. M. leonii D.E.Benn. & Cheistenson..................... Plate 429. M. leucophaea Luer & Vasquez = M. boliviensis M. ludibunda oct gical ae oe Plate 430. Me ebeiinin: Plate 431. M. lychniphora PRE ices ie ee Plates 432, 433. a. darina (Luer & Escobar) Luer....... Plate 434. . marizae ect’ ak 2 aS etapa inate Plate 435. M. mijahuangae
D.E.Benn. = M. cyclot M. neglecta Koni ger = M. rufescens is
= a en a
i adh i Maik lel hdd in al
|
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 783 M. nivea Luer & Escobar Plate 436.
M. paisbambae (Rchb.f.) Kraenzl. = M. klaborchiorum M. pallida (Woolward) Luer = M. xanthina
M. pandurilabia C.Schweinf. Plate 437. M. papillosa Luer Plate 438. M. pernix K6niger Plate 439. M. phlogina Luer Plate 440. M. pileata Luer & Wiirstle Plate 441. M. polychroma Luer Plate 442. M. prodigiosa Koniger Plate 443. M. purpurella Luer & Escobar Plate 444. M. purpurella subsp. nivea Luer & Escobar = M. nivea
M. renzii Luer Plate 445. M. replicata K6niger Plate 446. M. rhinophora Luer & R.Escobar Plate 447. M. rufescens KG6niger Plates 448, 449. M. sanctae-inesiae Luer & Malo Plate 450. M. schizantha Kraenzl. Plate 451.
schmidt-mummii Luer & Escobar Plate 452. setacea Luer & Malo Plate 453. shiraishii KOniger & M.Arias = M. harlequina
shuttleworthii Rchb.f. = M. caudata
shuttleworthii var. xanthocorys Rchb.f. = M. caudata
M.
M.
M.
M.
M.
M. triangularis Lindl. Plates 454, 455, 456. M. tricallosa K6niger Plate 457. M. tricolor Rchb.f. = M. caudata
M. valenciae Luer & Escobar Plate 458. M. venatoria Luer & Malo Plate 459. M. vexillifera Luer Plate 460. M. eaten met erune ad! & J.Portilla Plate 461. M. wurdackii C.Schweinf. Plate 462. M. odin Rchb.f. Plates 463, 464.
M. xanthina var. pallida Woolward = M. xanthina
M. xanthina subsp. klabochiorum (Rchb.f.) Luer = M. klabochiorum
M. xanthina subsp. mandarina Luer & Escobar = M. mandarina
M. xanthina subsp. pallida (Woolward) Luer = M. xanthina
M. zamorensis Luer & J.Portilla Plate 465.
784 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBSECTION CAUDATAE bsection Masdevallia, this key is based primarily lor, because of the numerous species with a similar basic morphology.
1 Sepals mostly white 2
1’ Sepals variously colored 11
2 Dorsal sepal erect, pubescent, not concave M. apparitio 2’ Dorsal sepal concave, variously pubescent 3 3 Dorsal sepal with the blade twice longer than wide = 3 Dorsal sepal with the blade about as long as wide 5 4 Sepals unspotted; lip elliptical-oblong M. schizantha 4 Sepals diffusely spotted; lip cuneate, widest below the middle............ M. replicata
“A Lateral sepals with sides revolute; lip narrowed above the middle.....M. boliviensis 5’ Lateral sepals not with sides revolute; lip elliptical-oblong 6
6 Dorsal sepal deeply connate to the laterals, half to 1/3 the length 7 6” Dorsal sepal shallowly connate to the laterals, ca. 1/5 the length 8 a Plant less than 8 cm tall; sepals more or less pigmented at the base......... M. bottae 7 Plant over 15 cm tall; sepals diffusely speckled with 9) M. pandurilabia 8 Sepals unspotted 00.00... oeooesecssccons 9 8 Sepals spotted 00... sccccnsessssseeeseeoeccocsccs.., 10 9 Dorsal sepal 15-18 mm lon : Ce ee M. 9° Dorsal sepal 10-12 mm | a ae ee ae Ji — than 6 cm tall; lateral sepals with a dark spot at the base..M. xanthina ant less than 5 cm tall; sepals minutely speckled M. renzii 11 Sepals mostly light i | : green or light yellow-green.. 12 11° Sepals with other i eat 408 16 12 Sepals free near} i y to the base, minutely speckled 13 12" Sepals deeply connate a eeag cy : ie 14 13 af ae rhc =e than 3 cm long, tail more than 6 cm long M. wurdackii Pal less than 3 cm long, tail less than 4 cm long M. discolor 14 Lateral S Wi wing sepal. seas few purple spots, reflexed and crossed.....M. schmidt-mummii Sepals not spotted, reflexed and crossed....... 15 15 Lateral sepals su i age ee ee ee pi sahara rose; lip elliptical-oblong, a M. hubeinii sepal with brown; lip elliptical, erose M. ephelota 16 Sepals mosti : Y yellow to orange... 1 Sepals eth sees _ OS SiS aed 17
Pee eteees Litt Le MtECCARET eR E Ke eeheheoe con
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 785 17 Sepals orange, unspotted 18 17° Sepals yellow, light yellow, cream, or light yellow-orange 20
18 Dorsal sepal deeply cucullate, the lateral sepals decurved at the center, all 3 tails
acutely reflexed M. prodigiosa 18’ Dorsal sepal cucullate, the lateral sepals not decurved, the tails not acutely re- flexed 19 19 Petals with a retrorse basal process M. mandarina 19’ Petals with a lobule on either margin at the base M. phlogina
20 Sepals diffusely dotted with brown, the dorsal sepal deeply cucullate only at the apex, the synsepal concave arlequina 20’ Not as above 21
21 Dorsal sepal with blade more than 3 cm long, sepals cream colored..M. immensa 21’ Dorsal sepal with blade less than 2.5 cm long
22 Lateral sepals with sides revolute M. cordeliana 22’ Lateral sepals with sides not revolute
23 Lateral sepals with the margin concave at base, then convex......M. brockmuelleri 23’ Lateral sepals neither concave nor convex
24 Dorsal sepal shallowly concave, erect, pale flesh colored M. vexillifera 24’ Dorsal sepal deeply concave 25 25 Sepals with stellate trichomes M. asterotricha 25’ Sepals not with stellate trichomes 26 26 Sepals suborbicular to broadly ovate, abruptly contracted into tails ZF 26’ Lateral sepals oblong to triangular, acute to subacute a3 27 Sepals cream-colored, with a dark spot at the base of the laterals 28 27° Sepals suffused or speckled with red, brown or purple 29 28 Petals with a thick incurved, basal process; lip oblong M. xanthina 28’ Petals with a broad, obtuse, basal process; lip subquadrate..................... M. leonii 29 Sepals lightly suffused with red or brown 30 29” Sepals speckled with red or purple 32
30 Petals with a thick, retrorse, basal process; lip widest above the middle M. eucharis 31
30’ Petals with a triangular, basal process
31 Lip elliptical, minutely erose M. rufescens 31’ Lip pyriform, minutely undulate, widest below the middle M. zamorensis
786 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
32 Dorsal sepal narrow at the base; petals with an oblong, basal process... icterina 32’ Dorsal sepal broad at the base; petals with a triangular, basal process....M. pernix
ee ee M. tricallosa 33° Lip with a single, Tinh he:
34 Lateral sepals acute, speckled with purple.. ae 34’ Lateral sepals broadly obtuse, speckled with red : =
35 Lip widest above middle, with a reflexed, oblong, apical lobe......M. triangularis 35° Lip widest below middle, with the apex narrowly truncate................... M. instar
36 Sepals light green or yellow-green, the laterals with a large zone of orange or red-orange SE
36’ Sepals of other colors 39 37 Lateral sepals oblong, obliquely truncate M. venatoria 37’ Lateral sepals not oblong, truncate 38 38 Lateral sepals deeply connate, broadly obtuse M. sanctae-inesiae 38° Lateral sepals shallowly connate, ovate, acute M. lychniphora
39 Sepals white or yellow, variously suffused with purple, or solidly purple......... 40 39” Sepals of 3 colors 56
40 Lateral sepals connate above the middle 4] 40° Lateral sepals connate below the middle 42 41 Dorsal sepal with the blade 3 cm long; lip trapezoid M. antonii 41° Dorsal sepal with the blade 1.5 cm long; lip ovate M. cyclotega 42 Sepals with prominent trichomes . 43 42’ Sepals glabrous to microscopically pubescent. 44
43 Sepals densely pubescent within
stint ae Selean tu cessbanitbancsmeer'vsayatncenva nce M. eumelia SF ON NE WN scutes atch dociecs ca... M. papillosa 44 Dorsal sepal narrow, 3-veined, more than twice longer than wide a) 44’ Dorsal sepal broad, 5-veined, less than twice as long as wide. 49 45 Dorsal sepal erect, with tail 6-7 NOR NN enbsseshnse a is taseica centehesdbabece M. setacea 45° Dorsal sepal more or less anteflexed, with tail less than 4 cm long = Lateral sepals obtuse, abruptly contracted into tails.........-.00.0000......... M. estradae 46° Lateral sepals acute to Subacute, gradually contracted into tails 47 Leaves subacute to acute: lateral Sepals with tails about as long as the blades....... Pony WOMAN DN cacaimmemeg ee. M. pileata
pairs eeeea ie a30l
ie ek ke ee ee ie pe eee em eT ” rer en eri nee tT ica a a i
wn
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 787
48 Dorsal sepal deeply concave and decurved above the middle........... M. ludibunda 48’ Dorsal sepal concave, but not decurved above the middle M. ludibundella 49 Dorsal sepal anteflexed with tail decurved M. rhinophora 49° Dorsal sepal not anteflexed with tail decurved 50
50 Dorsal sepal erect, slightly concave with tail acutely reflexed M. wuelfinghoffiana 51
50’ Dorsal sepal not as above
51 Lateral sepals forming a prominent, retrorse mentum M. arminii 51’ Lateral sepals not forming a prominent mentum 52
52 Lateral sepals larger than the dorsal sepal, diffusely and solidly dotted — purple 32 Lateral sepals not significantly larger than the dorsal sepal, not solidly ron with purple 55
53 Leaves 3.5-6 cm wide, with an equally long petiole M. alismifolia 53’ Leaves less than 3 cm wide, with a shorter petiole 54 54 Leaves 3-5 cm long; peduncle 3-5 cm long M. decumana 54’ Leaves 8-10 cm long; peduncle 10-12 cm long M. marizae 55 Sepals white, variously suffused with rose-purple M. cloesii 55’ Dorsal sepal white with 5 rose veins, lateral sepals purple M. valenciae
56 Sepals white, the dorsal sepal suffused with orange, the center of the dorsal sepal and bases of the lateral sepals bright red-purple M. cylix 56’ Not colored as above 57
57 Dorsal sepal concave, bright rose within, yellow toward the base, the lateral sepals light rose with 3 rose stripes M. purpurella 57’ Not colored as above 58
58 Dorsal sepal yellow with red-brown stripes; lateral sepals yellow, suffused and striped in red At Gets 58’ Not colored as above 59
59 Dorsal sepal golden yellow, red-cellular papillose, the lateral sepals light rose with 3 darker rose stripes M. polychroma
59’ Dorsal sepal greenish white with purple veins, yellow toward the base, the lateral sepals white, diffusely dotted with purple 60
60 Lip broadly oblong with the callus distant from the margin M. caudata 60’ Lip oblong with the apical callus marginal M. expansa
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 789
oe alismifolia Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 422,
1921. .: Named for the vegetative similarity to Alisma plantago L., a member of the family Alismaceae.
Plant large, epiphytic to terrestrial, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 8-12 cm long, enclosed by a loose, oe sheath and 1-2 ounce ernees - the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 15-27 cm long eas the petiole 7-11 cm long, the b subacute to obtuse, 3-6 cm wide, cuneate below into the veticte, icwene a large, solitary flower, ce by a slender, erect peduncle 8-14 cm
bract 15-17 mm pi pedice cel 18-22 mm long; ovary brown, 8-9 mm long; — als dull oe diffusely mp pores. pu
column-foot; petals white, oblong, 9 mm jong, .25 mm wide, the apex subtruncate, bilobulate, the labellar = with a longitudinal, minutely re llus, ending in an ohisiersy retrorse os above the base; lip rose, diffusely dotted with purple oblong, 7.5 mm long, 4.5 mm wide, the apex obtuse, decurved, the disc shallowly channeled b n a pair of low, longitudinal calli, the base ee e, hinged beneath; column white with a satan aie semiterete, 8 mm long, the foot 5 mm long with a slender, incurved extension.
COLOMBIA: Narino: near the cross — — and La Cocha, alt. 3300 m, 24 Oct. 1878, Lehmann s.n. (Holotype: W). pide kate
3000 m, 26 Jan. 1987, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Keecbar, C. Dodson & O. Benavides 12554 (MO).
This truly beautiful species was first collected in the early 1840’s by the prolific German collector Karl Theodor Hartweg in the employ of the London Horticultural Society. Although ‘“‘Popayan”’ in present- day Cauca is noted on the collection label, Rio Blanco is a little farther south near present-day Narifio in Putumayo where this rare species has been found to be locally frequent.
e plants grow at cool, moist, high altitudes near 3000 meters above sea level in low, dense forests on lower branches or better terrestrially in the thick leaf-litter. The leaves are large and long-petiolate, and the peduncle that bears the large, showy flower is usually no longer than the petiole. The broad, long-tailed sepals are diffu- sely dotted with confluent dark purple dots (see Frontispiece of Icones Pleurothalli- dinarum-ll, 1986)
Plants are difficult to cultivate, usually deteriorating quickly, becoming smaller each year. If they flower at all before expiring, the flower is also much smaller than those produced in the wild.
In Thesaurus Masdevalliarum-14, this species was erroneously identified as M. laevis. See Icones Pleurothallidinarum-22 and A Treasure of Masdevallia-26.
790 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
amet Sa pla et sea
Plate 394. Masdevallia alismifolia 2
hai i EN ll
eee N comee OTe V PET ATER ST NFeT Pere PBT TNT err TPH MT SEATEF mt Pot a Oo aaa yan ae Tn TT TTT en
ii aah hl ii ihe edn att
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 791
Masdevallia antonii KGniger, Arcula 8: 221,
1999, Ety.: Named in honor of Antonius P. Sijm of Venhuizen, the Netherlands, co-collector of this species.
Plant large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots fleshy. Ramicauls stout, erect, 3-5 cm long, enclosed by
2-3 thin, _. sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, long-petiolate, 12-16 cm long including the petiole 3-4
cm long, the blade ali subacute to obtuse, 2.5-3.5 cm wide, the base cuneate into the petiole.
ieee a solitary flower, borne by a slender, erect peduncle 1. 18 cm long, with a bract above the ce m ;
m long; sepals microscopically prickly, especially along the veins and margins, "Henig internally, the rea on white, de yellow along the veins, rr concave, 30 mm ci 20 m wees is — connate to the lateral sepals for 3 mm to forma ~ cup, t x br
tracted into a slender, forwardly directed, yellow ‘ail 61 cm long, the el sepals whit ri pile’ suffused with brig say especially ae on the distal halves, 22 mm long, connate 17 mm intoa broadly oblong synsepal, 33-38 mm wide expanded, 6-veined, concave aioe inflated kis. the obtuse apices contracted into tails similar to that of the dorsal sepal, 5.5-6.5 cm long; petals yellowish white, oblong, 5.5 mm long, 1.75-2.75 mm wide, the apex subtrilobulate, with a longitudinal carina along the
labellar margin terminating at the base with a thickened, incurved callus; lip white, transversely trapezi-
c
beneath to the under surface of the ig umn-foot; column white, semiterete, stout, 3.5 mm long, the foot 3 mm long, with an incurved extensi
PERU: Pasco: between Oxapampa and Yaupi, alt.
Koni S. Manning, flowered in cultivation at Venhuizen, the Netherlands, 14 Au
ee Apr. 2000, in Tarporley, England, by S. Manning 811002 (Clonotype: MO).
This species is one of the largest and one of the most spectacular of this subsec- tion. It is apparently endemic in northern Peru, where it was recently discovered. The large, leathery leaf is long-petiolate. The large, long-tailed flower is borne beyond the tips of the leaves by an erect peduncle. The sepals are basically white with a bright rose suffusion on the laterals, especially medially where the synsepal is inflated. The concave dorsal sepal is shallowly connate to the laterals, permit- ting the petals, column and lip to stand erect and exposed in the center of the flower. The lateral sepals are deeply connate, concave and inflated, pate resem- bling the cupped synsepal of the unrelated M. trochilus of subsection Alaticaules.
The petals are lobulate at the apex and they posses a thick, incurved callus at the base. The passively mobile lip is the most diversely modified of the subsection. It is transversely trapeziform in outline with obtuse lateral lobes. The base is con- stricted into a claw with a free tip, being connected by a strap from the under sur- face to the under surface of the extension of the column-foot.
ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Plate 395, Masdevallia antonii
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 793 Masdevallia apparitio Luer & Escobar, Orquideologia 13: 145,
1979. Ety.: From the Latin apparitio, ‘a ghost,” in allusion to the large, widely spread, white flowers.
lant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, blackish, 1-2.5 aie enclosed i, a 3 dark, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, Samoa peat cm ae eae re petiole 2.5-3 cm long, the blade e et obtuse to rounded, 2-2.7 cm wide, the b into the slender, blackish ae Inflorescence a single flower borne by a eccagate slender secternoer 29 cm ong, with a bract near the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract — tubular, 15 mm long; pedicel 10-12 mm long; ovary w hn 6-7 mm ote sepals white, convex, minutely eceiaees reais the dorsal sepal obovate, 22 mm long, 12 mm wide, connate to the lateral sie for 5 mm into a very shal- low, gaping, sepaline cup, va rounded as abruptly contracted into a slender, erect, , yellow-green tail ca. 5 cm long, the lateral sepals oblong, oblique, diverging, 17 mm long, 10 mm wide, the apices obtuse, contracted into slender tails similar to that of the dorsal sepal, connate 2 mm basally into a 5 mentum behind a oe fold below the column-foot; petals white, oblong, 6 mm long, 2-3.25 mm wide, contracted into a narrowly truncate, obscurely bilobed apex, the labellar margin with a thick, longitudinal
th white, dotted with purple, erect, cap ical, 5.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, the apex rounded with a small, marginal callus, the disc with an indistinct pair of le i Tengtustial calli, the base rounded, hinged be- neath to the column-foot; eo mn gery marked with purple, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot thick, 3 mm long, with a slender, incurved extension.
COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Munic. of Urrao, *‘El
Chuzcal,”’ alt. 1800-2200 m, 1975, colivated: by E. Segura, cultivated by M. & O. Robledo at La Ceja, R. Escobar 1490 (Holotype: JAUM); same collection, cultivated 28 Sept. 1977, by M. & O. Robledo at La Ceja, C. Luer 1857 (SEL).
Only a single plant of this distinctive species, one of the many discoveries of the professional collector Evelio Segura, is known to have been collected. All plants in cultivation have been propagated from divisions of the original plant. It was discovered in the Western Cordillera of Colombia growing in company with M. estradae and closely related M. xanthina.
From M. xanthina it is distinguished by the large white flowers without a basal ‘“‘eye-spot;’’ convex sepals covered within by a short, dense, white pubescence; and longer, straight, diverging, yellow-green tails. It is most closely allied to M. kla- bochiorum, from which it is most easily distinguished by the convex, instead of deeply concave, dorsal sepal. In common with its allies, the petals, lip and column stand erect together and exposed in the center of the flower.
Plate 396. Masdevallia apparitio
Bille tat mess fi ae
Da rg Pi eG Sao the | a a i mE i
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 795
Masdevallia arminii Linden & Rchb.f., Bonplandia 2: 283, 1854. Ety.: Dedicated to Hermann — me of the discoverers of this species. Armin is the Latinized form of Wagener’s Christian n
dium in size, epiphyt it ts slender. Ramicauls i peo slender, erect, 1-2.5 cm long, enclosed by 2- 3 loose, bis lar sh eaths. Leaf ere , coriaceous, 4-11 cm long including a petiole 1.5-3 cm long, the blade “wists on wee to souiprtie: 1 . 2. JG m wide, eae below into = petiole. Inflorescence a solitary flow me by slender peduncle 6-11 cm long, with a thin bract above
the base, from i on ae an floral b ‘mai sip her 7-10 mm long; pedicel 8-20 mm vir ovary 6-8 mm long; Sepals light mrad more or less oe with purple, occasionally with minute, red dots,
labrous, e, the dorsal sepal obovate, concave, 13-16 mm long, 8-12 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 45 mm to form a Oe cup, the senator apex abruptly contracted into a slender, Jeepers tail 3. 5-5 cm long, the on i ee oblong btu. 12-14 mm long, 8-12 mm oe conna e 2-3 mm, with a deep, conical secondary m , the a obtuse, contracted into tails
milar to that of the ¢ vers: sepal; pe tals ig oblong, ‘- va mm iene, ee mm wide, the apex truncate-
me Fou the labellar margin ae a longitudinal wing-like callus, gradually Seen: into an
| seis at the base; lip white, ee with purple, oblong, “ Sm zs 2.75 mm wide, apex deep purple, subtruncate, with a — mar ginal callus, t disc shallo — nena a ne pair of asi padial callin as midd th; column white, suf- fused with purple at the apex, cnn 4mm yom red a pair of calli that areituc rab the column- foot, the foot 3 mm long with a slender, incurved extens
COLOMBIA: Norte de Santa : Ocaiia, alt. 6,000-7,000 ft., 1846-52, L. oe 740 (Holotype: a W; Isotypes: G, K, P); La Baja near Pamplona, alt. oe
9,000 ft., 1849, L. Schlim i in part (G, W);
Pericos near Ocaiia, alt. 7, . Wagener 571 (W). Santander: Conve el Dulce. headwaters of Quebrada Chiriviti, west of Galan, alt. ca. 8,000 ft., 9 Sept. 1944, N.C. Fassett 25747 (AMES); Charall,
Paramo de la Russia, alt. 2200-2600 m, collected by J. Guevara, cultivated by M. & O. Robledo at La Ceja, 12 Oct. 1977, C. Luer 2006 (SEL); El Taladro,
Francisco and Facatativa, alt. 2400 m, 4 Dec. 1953, M. Schneider 669 (S); El Dentel between Facatativa and La Vega, alt. 2700 m, 11 Oct. 1982, H. Schmidt- Mumm 148 (COL); Munic. ee Madrid, collected by H. Schmidt-Mumm between Bogota and Medellin, cultivated at Colomborquideas, 29 Nov. 1982, R. Escobar 2508 (JAUM, SEL); San Avent de Tena, alt. 2500 m, vallceeal by E. Va eo cultivated at Colomborquideas, 3 June 1995, C. Lu MO).
Collections of this species were made independently by both Wagener and Schlim in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia in 1849. Wagener’s collection, accompanied by watercolor painting, was published by Reichenbach as the type. Specimens collected by Schlim (Schlim 1182), consisting of two different species, are mounted on separate sheets. One appears to be the larger and more colorful variation of M. arminii. The other, with the flower widely expanded on the sheet, appears more closely related to M. caudata. This latter collection was published as M. expansa.
ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Plate 397. Masdevallia arminii
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 797
Vegetatively similar to most of the other medium-sized species, M. arminii is distinguished by the flower variously suffused with rose with the dorsal sepal more or less cucullate and decurved, and by the nearly free lateral sepals producing a prominent, conical, secondary mentum (the mentum anterior to a mentum formed with the column-foot). The petals with a short, basal tooth, and the simple, oblong lip with a small, apical callus, stand erect within the flower with the column.
It was not until 1882 that living plants of M. arminii were successfully imported into Europe. The “‘projection’’ at the base of the column noted by Miss Woolward is a longitudinal pair of calli that terminates at the column-foot.
Two variations are in cultivation. The larger, more colorful variation is repre- sented by Schlim 1182. The other specimen under the same number was described as M. expansa.
‘ie ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Plate 398. Masdevallia arminii
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 199 Masdevallia asterotricha KGniger, Die Orchidee 37: 104, 1986. Ety.: From the — asterothrix, “star-shaped hair,” referring to the stellate trichomes of the in- terior of the sep:
Plant medium in size, epiphytic, ig es roots coarse. Ramicauls blackish, slender, erect, 1-2
cm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. rect, coriaceous, 5-9 cm long including the petiole 1.5-3 cm long, the blade ee owe) -obovate, dbeeeea to obtuse, 1.7-2 cm wide, the base cuneate into the pe- tiole. Inflorescence a showy, solitary flower borne by an erect, slender peduncle 6-6.5 cm long, with a
bract near = ite nat low on the biel floral bract tubular, mm long; pedicel 18-19 mm long;
ovary 8-9 m c
hairs, scandy ovate, concave at the apex, 14 mm long, 14 mm “ale expanded, connate to the lateral sepals for 6 mm to form a broad but shallow, gaping, sepaline cup, the rounded apex thickened, abruptly contracted into a thick, reflexed tail 25 long, the lateral sepals with a —— hin pubescence, broadly ovate, oblique, een 14 mm long, 13 mm wide, connate 7 mm, the ded apices con- tracted into tails 22 mm long, less thick item a tail of the dorsal sepal; petals ye iene sie oblong, 5.5 mm long, 1.5-3 mm wi, the obtuse apex obliquely shallowly bilobed, the labellar margin with a longi- tudinal ca tus warn above the base in a broad, thick, incurved age lip yellow-white, lightly dotted with purple, oblong-obovate, 5 mm lon ng, 3 mm wide, the apex round with a dark purple, decurved callus on the margin, the disc with an inconspicuous, low pair of calli, es base rounded, hinged beneath; column yellowish white, ini ‘gn purple on the margins, semiterete, 4.5 mm long, the foot equally long with a stout incurved extens
PERU: Amazonas: Prov. of Bongara, Vilcanisa, alt. 1500 m, collected by M. Arias A-40la, May 1985, / cultivated in Munich, Germany, 25 Oct. 1985, by W. fe" K6éniger WK-9 (Holotype: M; cl
San Martin: near Moyobamba, alt. 900 m, collected by R. Villena May 1992, cultivated by J. Rolando 4 (MO).
Related to M. xanthina and relatives, Masdevallia asterotricha is endemic in the forests of northern Peru. From its rela- tives, it is distinguished by a relatively large, widely expanded flower with deepl connate, rounded sepals. The distinctive dorsal sepal is concave at the apex witha reflexed, thick tail. The dorsal sepal is diffusely studded with conspicuous, red, stellate trichomes within which impart a red suffusion to the yellow background. The hairs of the lateral sepals are sparse, simple, and white.
800 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Plate 399. Masdevallia asterotricha .
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 801 oo boliviensis Schlitr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 483, 1913.
.| Named for the country of Bolivia, where this species was discov Syn.: Masdevallia leacophaea Luer & Vasquez, Phytologia 55: 198, 1984. Ety.: From the Greek leucophaeus, “pale grey,” referring to the color of the flower. Syn.: Masdevallia boliviensis subsp. leacophaea (Luer & VAsquez) Luer, Lindleyana 3: 21, 1988.
Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, blackish, 1-2.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 4-10.5 cm long including the petiole 1-3.5 cm one the blade elliptical-obovate, sean to nto : .4-1.8 cm wide, th oe the —— — eo a single flower borne by a slender peduncle 6-11 cm long,
a brac e base, from low on the ramicaul; fore i, he oan, ‘tubu lar, 8-12 mm long; pedicel re 22 mm oon a 5-6 mm long; pees dull white to gray-white, more or less lightly dotted with —_ externally, coarsely pubescent internally ake = in wie 4 eran the dorsal “se ovate,
ncave, Leng 13-14 mm long, 8-11 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 2 mm into a shallow.
cian cup, the apex obtuse to subacute, contracted a a Swi erect, x sak orange tal: 3. 3.5 cm long, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, usually with the lateral ranges eine 12-17 mm long, 8 m
ide expanded, t s similar to that of the dorsal sepal, connate 9 mm ba asally into a short mentum behind a stain eiiot fold below the column-foot; petals white, sometimes dotted with purple, oblong, 6 mm long, 2 mm wide, the apex truncate, minutely apiculate, the labellar margin with a thick, longitudinal callus produced into a thick, obtuse, incurved tooth above the base; lip white, dotted with purple, erect, ovate, 4. a 5.5 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, narrowed above the middle to the narrowly obtuse, shortly recurved a wit
the column-foot; column white with purple margins, i OS semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot 3 mm long, with a : hy slender, incurved extension. Ss Nomen
BOLIVIA: La Paz: Prov. of Sud Yungas, on mossy rat !
tree trunk in rain forest, Rio Saujana (San Juan), alt. ‘ eres 18a
2800 m, Oct. 1911, Th. Herzog 2428 (Holotype: S); ; ; ome a
collection, cultivated by Colomborquideas, 25 Apr. 1988, C. Luer 1330] (MO). — eng culti- vated by D. Menato in Chulumani, 24 Jan Cc. Luer 9426 (holotype of M. rain on
This species was first discovered by the professional collector Theodor Herzog in a remote valley in the Yungas of north- ern Bolivia in the early part of the twen- tieth century. It was described from dried material by Schlechter. It had not been seen again until plants were discovered growing in cultivation by Dino Menato in the province of Sud Yungas.
Masdevallia boliviensis is identified by the gaping, dull-white or light-grey flow- ers with a concave dorsal sepal and convex lateral sepals with revolute sides. In the typical M. boliviensis the sepals are coarsely pubescent within. In the taxon recognized as M. leucophaea, the sepals are totally glabrous. A comparison with plants with pubescent sepals fails to reveal any other significant difference.
Plate 400. Masdevallia boliviensis
ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Plate 401. Masdevallia boliviensis (subsp. leucophaea)
" f pie ae Oe ae ie cane at oi eRe a Lone a eal Oe
i tee es ee ee i eee a ee a a) eae
eS ee ee ee ee
De) ey Tea PA eee, Ss Fee TE ee ete Ve pee ee ene ee
Piao oh ae et eee
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 803 rea bottae Luer & Andreetta, Phytologia 47: 63, 1980.
.: Named for Padre Angel Botta, Salesian missionary in Ecuador, co-discoverer of this species.
Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, blackish, 0.5-1 cm — enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, cm long including a 1-3 cm long petiole, the blade elliptical, 1.5-2.5 cm wide, with the apex obtuse to rounded, the base cuneate sie the slender, blackish petiole. Inflorescence a solitary flower borne oa a Gece suberect <j ane 4-7cm long, with a = near the _ from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 8-10 mm long; pedice 12 mm long; ovary 4-5 mm long; nt bas — yellow or = orange, glabrous, the dorsal cael broadly ovate, ponte 13-14 mm long, 10-11 mm wide, connate 4 mm to the lateral sepals to form a short, wide-spread cup, the free ae: ae concave, rarsuce ie near the lateral angles, abruptly contracted into a slender, sige -green, _ tail ca. 3.5 cm long, the lateral — broadly ovate, oblique, 10 mm long, 9-10 mm wide, connate 2-3 mm over a ee e fold below the colum foot, with a small, dark purple spot at ihe base, the fee portions isla more or less reflexed se the apices obtuse to rounded, abruptly t to _ of the dorsal sepal;
white, erect, oblong-cune eate, 5-6.5 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, the truncate apex esate i labellar margin with a thick, incurved carina ending in jeg retrorse, onnee d tooth; I e, dotted with pies purple, erect, oblong, 4.5 mm long, 3.5 mm w e, the truncate apex dark pele ah a de-
tions; column — suffused with purple, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot 2.5 mm long with a slender, incurved exten
ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: epiphytic in forest
ll
m, collected by A. Andreetta & M. Portilla, cultivated 16 May ans a ot a Spee (MO mora- sa and Zamora, collected by B. ite ial ; cay 27 Sept. 1980, C. ae 5560 (SEL).
eee,
This little species, first discovered by fathers Angel Andreetta and Angel Botta, is apparently restricted to the eastern slopes of the Andes of southern Ecuador. It is one of many very similar, interrelated species associated with M. xanthina that are widely distributed through all three cordilleras of Colombia into Bolivia.
Masdevallia bottae is distinguished from its numerous allies by the small, whitish flowers variously suffused with yellow or orange and with a very small, indistinct ‘‘eye-spot’’ at the base of the sepals; by the thick, broadly triangular marginal callus of the petals that extends beyond the base; and by the smaller, proportionately broader, flat, oblong, truncate lip. However, the above differentiating criteria are variable, making positive identi- fication sometimes uncertain.
Also occurring in southeastern Ecuador are two other superficially similar species. Masdevallia eucharis is distinguished from M. bottae by the convex center of an obovate lip that is narrowed at the apex. It appears similar to the lips seen in subsection Oscillantes. Masdevallia cylix is distinguished by the sepals being more deeply connate into a suborbicular flower with a deeply concave sepaline cup. The lip is ovate and narrowed toward the apex.
ioe ee * ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee > ee ee cee) ete Pea ee Ee ;
Plate 402. Masdevallia bottae
ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Te 5 Po Ee ae pee
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 805 Masdevallia brockmuelleri Luer, sp. n
Ety.: Named for Herr Brockmiiller from ihe Her m K6niger received the plan Inter species subsect. Caudatae = heaniape gracili folio acuto ee pl we"etcamiaaih incurvis
Plant medium in size, epiphytic, magma roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, blackish, 1.5-2 cm lone, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular shea gh erect, coriaceous, 6-10 cm long including the petiole 2.5-4 cm long, the blade narrowly e ae acute, 1-1.6 cm wide, gradually narrowed below into the petiole. Inflorescence a a flower, borne by a slender, erect peduncle 7-1 1 cm long, witha bract a the base, from low on the ramicaul; ae bra mar 11 mm long; pedicel 15 mm long; ov m long; sepals aoe with the margin nutely erose, the dorsal sepal yellow, elliptical, concave, m4 mm long, 8 mm wide, connate to the reese sepals 5 for 3 mm to form a shallow, gaping, sepaline cup, the apex rounded, contracted into a slender, forwardly di rected “ial tail is ‘ cm a’ - lateral sepals yellow with a brown spot at the base, suboblong, incurved, oblique, 13 mm long, 6.5 m wide, connate 1.5 mm to
into slender, yellow tails 3.2 cm long; petals pete white, Sobobiing, 3. mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, the apex truncate, tridentate, the labellar margin with a longitudinal callus, shallowly winged above the middle, ending in a thick, rome Lat process at the base; lip ak suffused with purple-brown around the apical callus, oblong, 4.5 mm long, 2.25 mm wide, the apex shallowly, broadly bilobed, with
small, central callus near the 3 margin, the base subcordate, hinged beneath; c with purple, semiterete, 4.5 mm long, the apex hooded, bidentate, the foot 3 mm long including the slender, incurved extension.
COLOMBIA: Without collection data, obtained from Brockmiiller in 1979, cultivated by W. KGniger, 19 f Aug. 1984, C. Luer 10409 (Holotype: MO). rs
In 1979, a plant of this species was obtained by W. K6niger from a hobbyist named Brockmiiller, but without collec- tion data except for Colombia. The mor- phology of the flower suggests that the closest affinities are species from the Eastern Cordillera.
mong the species of section Cauda- tae, M. brockmuelleri is distinguished by the narrowly elliptical leaf; a slender peduncle exceeding the leaf; a yellow flower with incurved, oblong lateral sepals with a concave and convex margin; a short, thick tooth at the base of the petal; and an oblong lip with a small callus a short distance from the apical margin. A small, apical callus a short distance from the margin is seen also in M. caudata and its some of its affinities.
ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
a ee en ee ee eT ee Po ST rege 4 . Tyee ¥ 5 fra : bs :
Plate 403. Masdevallia brockmuelleri
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 807
ee ee caudata Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orch. Pl. 193, 1833.
m the Latin caudatus, “‘with tails,” referring to the long-caudate sepals.
ag n.: Masdevallia tricolor Rchb.f., Linnaea 22: 818, 1849 Ety.: From the Latin tricolor, “with three colors,’’ referring to the white, yellow and rose flowers. Syn.: ee Pa shuttleworthii Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s. 3: 170, 1875. Ety.: Named for Robert James Shuttleworth, collector for W. Bull, who collected this species. Syn.: Masdevallia shuttleworthii var. xanthocorys Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. wie 366, 1882. Ety.: From the Greek xanthocorys, *‘a yellow helmet,”’ referring to the dorsal sepal. Syn.: citi ng caudata var. shuttleworthii (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 5: 200, 1889,
nome Syn.: Masdevallia caudata var. Sudotii Rehb. fi, Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 5: 200, 1889, nomen nudum. Ety.: Named for Justin Goudot Syn.: Masdevallia caudata var. xanthocorys (Rchb.f.) Veitch, Man. Orch. Pl. pt. 5: 29, 1889. Syn.: Masdevallia cucutillensis Kraenzl., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 127, 1922. Ety.: Named for the community of Cucutilla near where the species was collected.
Plant medium in size, Sg pe said roots coarse. Ramicauls erect, slender, blackish, 1.5-3
m long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular Leaf erect, coriaceous, 5-12 cm long ser s the puts ole 1.5-3.5 cm hee the blade elli ey edante to obtuse, 1.5-2.5 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a solitary, showy flower, borne by a slender, erect * peduncle 5-9 cm els yond a
bract above the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 8-12 mm long; pedice long; ovary 6-8 mm long; sepals glabrous, ie dorsal veo white to ae veined, dotted or suffused with purple or brown, obovate, concave, 25-30 mm long, 14-18 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 11-15 mm to form a shallow, gaping, sepaline cup, the apex rounded, abruptly contracted into an erect, slender, yellow or purple tail ni cm long, the esis oe nme usually oe apes with urple, ovate, oblique, 17-22 mm long, 11-16 mm wide, c o form a deep mentum below he column- “ the apices subacute, contracted _ mee in or purplish ae a cm long; petals white, suboblong, 5-6 mm long, 1.5-2.5 mm the apex trunca te, tridentate, the labellar margin witha a longi callus, winged above the middle, ending in a thick, obtuse, retrorse he ess above the base; lip white, d iffusely dotted with purple, elliptical- ane reflexed above the ddle, 5.5-6 mm oe. 2.5-3.75 mm wide, the apex broadly rounded, the disc with a close pair of | low, longitadina calli and a single, central callus distant from the apical margin, the base subcordate, hinged beneath; colum whoo suffused and dotted with pu ~~ semiterete, 5 mm long, the apex hooded, the ats equally long including the slender, incurved extension
mg ye A: Cundinamarca: near San Fortunato,
a. 1831, flowering in June, J. Goudot s.n. (Holotype: K. tracing at W); between Agua Larga and Fusagasu- ga, 1874, R. Shuttleworth s.n. (K, W); Zipaquira, above Pacho, alt. 1800-2400 m, Jan. 1892, F.C
ec: 19 ia m, collected by G. de Guaqueta, 1975, cultivat- ed by M. & O. Robledo at La Ceja, 1977, R. Escobar 584A (JAUM); Fusagasuga, ny 6,600 ft., H. Karsten W); above Fusagasuga, alt. 2200 m, ‘collected by
4,C. ais sie sg ca. _ 1879, alt. 2700-2800 m, W.
z @ PN
eatin ;
\ $20
- \
eee “Tteccomategaiitd oe
I~ ro
~
san ff ao dg = a eT ce es
ae
Lee sae aay Miramar Z SN eta leer \
Plate 404. Masdevallia caudata
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 809
Kalbreyer 1156 og = a! cucutillensis destroyed at B); between Santa Barbara and Guaca, 2850 m, 16 May 1982, C. Lu R. Escobar 7869 (SEL); Cachiri, alt. 2600 m, collected by E. Valen cultivated at Pcicouten pee 1996, C. Luer 17959 (MO). Quindié: between oe <ancae and Paramillo, alt. 1670 m, Feb. 1843, J. ner 1479 (K). Without cates, 1851-1857, J. Triana s.n. (P): = balg collected for Mr. Bull, R. Shuttleworth s.n. (holotype of M. ataanake W); without locality, flowered in the collection of Sir Trevor Lawrence, Burford Lodge, 1882, (holotype of var. prem 5: W
aa Mérida: alt. 7,500 ft., ae - Schlim 1636 (holotype of M. tricolor: W; isotypes: BR
P); La Mucuy, alt. 2400 m, Oct. L. Aristeguieta 2634 (AMES, VEN); Selva de oe alt. ies 1 Sept. 1921, A. Jahn 529 . above La Mucuy, alt. 2100 m, V. Vareschi, F. Pan Schwabe 1355 (VEN); Montafia de La Mucuy, alt. , 13 Aug. 1958, P. Pannier & W. "Sec ie abe
1376 (AMES, VEN). Tachira: Fundacién and Rio Ea tand | alt. 2600 m, 16 May 1951, J. Renz 7025 (BAS); below Péramo La Negra, alt. 2700 m, G.C.K. Dunsterville 1112.
This species, some clones of which are the most beautiful of the genus, was first collected about 1831 near Bogota in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia by the French botanist M. Justin Goudot who had been employed to establish scientific organizations in Colombia. Lindley described M. caudata simultaneously with M. infracta for the second and third species to be recorded in the genus. Masdevallia caudata has subsequently proved to be relatively frequent and widely distributed in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia and adjacent westernmost Venezuela. Some of the most colorful variations are found near Fusagasuga southwest of Bogota from whence Shuttleworth, in the employ of Mr. William Bull of Chelsea, succeeded in sending the first living plants to Europe in 1874. Believing this variation to be specifically distinct, Reichenbach honored Shuttleworth by naming it M. shuttle- worthii.
A yellow-colored variation, described by Reichenbach as var. xanthocorys, appeared in the collection of Sir Trevor Lawrence in 1882. Other smaller or less colorful variations acquired several additional names. Fine variations of M. caudata were some of the first to be used as a parent in hybridization.
Typically, the large, solitary flower, sometimes produced in profusion, is widely spread with the rounded, yellowish dorsal sepal concave and conspicuously striped with seven to nine purple lines. The lateral sepals are usually diffusely dotted with red-purple. Forms lacking the purple pigment appear yellow with brown markings. All three sepals are furnished with a long, slender tail. The column, petals, and lip stand erect and exposed in the center of the flower. The callus of the petals is well- developed as a thin wing above the middle and a large, thick, retrorse process above the base. The lip is broadly oblong with the apical callus equidistant from the later- al and apical margin. The column has an elongated margin of the apex.
810
ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Plate 405. Masdevallia caudata
Pe ae are ee ek ee
Se May | OW ante eee Wee
URC ee eh ay ew eT Ete AI MALE TOR er Dee EN RCE ATES NT COUN lel aot eins Mah Pen) TN ra N tre lie ke see fej ” si Bice rr 2 - pissin’ i
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 811 ao cloesii Luer, Lindleyana 8: 39, 1993.
t, Belgium, discoverer of this species.
Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls stout, erect, blackish, 0.5-1 m long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. cane ct, coriaceous, ere 3-6.5 cm long including a nck ago 1-2 cm long, the blade elliptical, wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a single flower, borne by a a slender, erect ace a 6.5 cm long, with a bract
pinkish tail 2.5 cm long, the lateral sepals expanded, ovate, obtuse, oblique, 13 mm long, 8 mm wide, connate 3 mm, the apices contracted into slender tails similar to that of the dorsal sepal; petals white, oblong, 5 mm long, 2 mm w ees eu apex subtruncate, retuse, | obscurely lobed, the labellar margin with a longitudinal b 9 Pyke suffused with rose at owe , oblong, ar arcuate, 3. 5 mm long, 2.5 mm w ide, the apex rounded w mall, midline callus, the di esi ren channeled, the base subtruncate, thickened, et a, ote white, semiterete, 4 m long, the foot with a slender, incurved extension, 2.5 mm lon
PERU: Amazonas: epiphytic, between Pomacochas and Rio Rioja, alt. 2000 m, July 1991, cultivated at Hasselt, Belgium, oe 1991.2. pees 852030 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 15529; below Pomacochas, July ise, collected _ ino by K. Tokach P-50 (MO).
This species is similar to the species of the widely distributed M. xanthina, but from all the variations it is readily distin- guished by the rose-colored flowers. The sepals appear to be basically white and most intensely suffused with rose or rose- purple in the central portions, with the apices and bases approaching white. No ‘teye-spot”’ is present at the bases of the lateral sepals. There is very little else to distinguish the species except that the dorsal sepal is not as deeply concave as it is in variations of M. xanthina. The petals and lip are within the variations allowed for M. xanthina. Perhaps it is little more that an unusual color-variation, but the appearance is so distinct that a different pollinator is no doubt employed.
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 813 Masdevallia cordeliana Luer, sp. n
Ety.: Named in honor of Cordelia Head =k si 1oted for cultivati d hybridization of Masdevallia.
Species haec M. ae Rchb. f. similis, sed ovario verrucoso, sine oe nee multimajori- bus, sepalorum laterali P
medium in size, epiphytic, nea roots slender. Ramicauls erect, — blackish, 3.5-4 cm long, po mee by 2-3 loose, tubular shea Leaf erect, coriaceous, 12-13 ong including a pe- tiole 3 cm long, the in ot ee aun 2.5 cm wide, cuneate below nto re petiole. Inflor- escence a single flow a slender, erect peduncle 10 cm long, with a bract near the sr from the low on the nt ni eur fomnke ular, 10 mm Tong: pedicel | ri mm a fon ng; ‘ovary verrucose, 5 mm long; sepals ae oe subverrucose, th bovate, concave, as ar-
cuate-cucullate ong, 9 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for I 1.5 mm to om a gaping sepa- line cup, the apex x ots oe into a — a yellowish tail ca. 33 mm long, the lateral sepals triangular, 15 mm long, 10 mm wide, conn y for 5 mm, the apices captiGe ro racted into slender tails that of sae al peer petals aa he San 7mm long, 1.5-3.5 mm wide, the apex retuse, the labellar margin with a longitudinal callus ending in a thick, incurved proces 3 li elliptical-obovate, 5 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, the apex rounded and concave, the margin en ‘a slightly incurved, the disc three veined with the central vein ending in a small, round callus, the base obtuse, shortly cleft, hinged beneath; column semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot 4 mm long with a incurved extension.
PERU: San Martin: Prov. Tocache, Dist. Shunté, Tambo de Paja, alt. 2500 m, collected by kgs pa , Trigoso Garcia, flowered in cultivation n Sept. 2001 i the Vivero de Santa Clara of Manuel Arias Silva s.n. (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 20102
Although superficially similar to the Colombian M. ludibunda, this species has no very close relatives. The large, oblong leaves are long-petiolate. The ramicauls are nearly as long, and the peduncle arises a short distance above the base to bear the flower near the middle of the leaf. The dorsal sepal, distinctly longer than the lateral sepals, is cucullate with the tail directed forward. The sides of the lateral sepals are reflexed. The lip stands loosely erect in the center on a thin strap. The lip is thin and concave in the rounded distal quarter, and convex below.
814
ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Plate 407. Masdevallia cordeliana
ARs asi pearing
pier Sele :
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 815 ee cyclotega Koniger, se Orchidee 32: 63, 1981; emend. 36: 87, 1985.
om the Greek cyclos, “‘circular’’ and tegos ‘‘a roof,” referring to the round dorsal sepal. Syn.: Masdevallia mijahuangae D.E.Benn., Publ. Mus. Hist. Nat. UNMSM (B)37: 1, 1993. Ety.: Named in honor of the collector, Felix Mijahuanga. ts slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-4.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 thin , tubular shea ths. Lest erect, coriaceous, as i cm long including the pe-
Plant medium in size to lar rge, epiphyti ic,
tiole 2.5-4 cm long, the blade elliptical, subacute, 1.5-2.5 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the slender petiole. Inflorescence a Seen ane borne by an ae. ane peduncle 12-14 cm long, with a bract, below the middle, from low 1; floral bract thin, tubular, 10-12 mm long; pedicel
10-25 mm long; ovary 8 mm long; sepals white, suffused with rose above the middle, yellow toward the base, the whew of the dorsal sepal obovate, 15 m
lon wide, narrowed basally and connate ™ = lateral sepa for S mm to form a shallow, gaping cup,t P
slender tails 2.5 cm ome: petals white, — 6-7 mm long, 2.5-3.5 mm wide, the apex tru ob- scurely lobulate, the labellar half lauibaaticedey
] ye wide, nar- rowed above the middle, the apex yellow-green , with a low callus in the mid the base
purple, semiterete, 4.5 mm | ong, the foot 3. mm long with a slender, incurved extension.
PERU: Junin: above Huasa Huasi, alt. 3000 m, 1978, J. Meza T. s.n. (Holotype: SEL; clonotype: K); same
| collection, oe by W ger in Munich, Germany, 18 May 1980, C. Luer 5246 (SEL); same . area, alt m ie 1982, W. Kéniger, H. Kéniger M. Arias K-69b (M, MO, W, Herb. H. Koniger); ; same area, 3 Aug. 1992, collected by F. Mijahuanga | D. Bennett 5678 (holotype of mijahuangae USM). Without collection data, obtained from M
Arias, cultivated by J Orchids, Easton, CT,
1293-439, Dec. 1993, C. Luer 17071 (
The habitat of M. cyclotega is in the high, forested, fog-enshrouded mountains that surround the ancient town of Huasa Huasi in central Peru, and in compamy with M. uniflora, which already had been discovered 200 years before.
Masdevallia cyclotega is distinguished by the long-pedunculate, bright rose flower with a round dorsal sepal and deeply connate lateral sepals. It has a fragrance of ripe raspberries.
Plate 408. Masdevallia cyclotega
816
ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Plate 409. Masdevallia cyclotega
et ee Sea eee eS
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 817 Masdevallia cylix Luer & dari Lindleyana - Bk 195, 1988. |
Ety.: From the Greek kylix, ‘ta cup,’ p pared to th less flat flowers of commonly seen in subsection ; Camdavee,
ant small, vg on ba roots slender. acon Sieh erect, slender, blackish, 0.5-1.5 ¢
= enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 4-7 cm long including the otic m long, the blade elliptical. subacute, 1.2-1.5 cm wide, pan below into the blackish petiole. Suancgae Ga flower borne by a slender, erect peduncle 4-5 cm long, with a bract near the
base, from tow on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 5- 7 mm long; pedicel 8-12 mm long; ovary 3-5 mm erose, the dorsal sepal pale yellow, red- -brown down the center, obovate, 12-15 mm long, 9- we = wide, connate to the
lateral sepals for 5-7 mm to form a campanulate, tye tube, the apex rou abruptly contracted into an erect or reflexed, slender, yellow-green tail 2-3.5 cm long, the lateral ae white, suffused with red-brown near the edge of the sepaline cup, ee aren oblique, 12-14 mm long, 9-10 mm wide, connate 6 mm, the apices oblique, obtuse, more or less reflex es ontracted into slender, yellow-green tails cule to that of the dorsal sepal; petals white
carina, produced into a er ae thick, incurved process above the si tip rose, or ne -ovate, 4-5 mm long, 2.3 m e, the apex brown, narrowly round- ed, witha cael callus, the disc ath a low pair of longitudinal calli, the base rounded, hinged beneath;
column white, semiterete, 4-4.5 mm long, the foot 3 cant ane : ‘ Pees:
ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: epiphytic on the eastern slope of the Andes, without exact locality, collected by B. Malo, cultivated at Tarqui, 25 May
| b | )
imported without collection data, cultivated at Orchi- deeénkwekerij, Venhuizen, The Netherlands, by Ton Sijm s.n. (MO), C. Luer ee 18881.
| Endemic in southeastern Ecuador, this
species was first discovered growing in the company of M. patriciana by Benigno Malo. The slender-tailed sepals are gla- brous and obiuse, and more or less similar to each other. The dorsal sepal is connate to the lateral sepals to just below the middle to create a gaping sepaline cup, deeper than usually seen in subsection Caudatae.
The dorsal sepal is suffused with pale yellow with a conspicuous reddish purple suffusion down the center. The lateral sepals are pinkish white, lightly suffused with red at the orifice of the tube. The large-toothed petals, lip and column stand erect within the cup. The large, retrorse <A tooth of the petal is typical for the subsec- Ww, tion. The lip is flat but with a longitudinal _Smm
pair of calli that begin below the apex. Plate 410. Masdevallia cylix
Leis pr thie a A tie oll ith =
818 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Plate 41]. Masdevallia cylix
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 819 Masdevallia decumana Ko6niger, Die Orchidee 33: 101, 1982; emend. 36: 87, 1985.
Ety.: From the Latin — “of a large size,”’ referring to the size of the flower in comparison to the size of the plan
Plant small, epiphytic, te, so roots slender. eee blackish, erect, 0.5-1 cm a enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf e , cemiaoe ‘ous, 3 5-5 m long including the petiote 1- - ong, the blade elliptical, 1.7-2 cm wide, oe edd , the petio " iedoen cence a large, colorful, solitary flower, borne sin a slender, ee sie mt 3-5 cm Se vith a act near the base, from Le on the ramicaul; floral bract 8-10 mm long; ped 9-10 mm long; ovary 4-5
m long; sepals c ar-pubescent within n, the peer sepal ice isl dotted with purple-brown, suffused with ao: at the base, broadly ovate, — 12 mm mi 12 mm wide e xpanded, connate to
white tail 3.5-5 cm long, the lateral sepals greenish hie, cfu dotted with purple, cae 25 mm long, 15 mm wide, connate 3 mm, the obtuse apices contracted in Semel greenish white tails 2.5-5 c long; petals white, sparsely dotted with purple, oblong, Jim mm long, 2 mm — the nee 2pex shallow: ly bilobed, the labellar margin with a longitudinal short, ac at the
lip white, spotted with purple, oblong, 3.5 mm long, 2.75 mm wide, the apex yellow-brown, obtuse, recurved, with a low, midline callus, the base rounded, thickened, flat, hinged beneath; column greenish white, dotted with purple, semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot equally long with a stout, incurved extension.
PERU: Amazonas: Bongara: epiphytic in a cloud forest between gg ee and Moyabamba, alt. 2100 m, Aug. 1 W. Koniger, H. K6niger et al. K- op (Holotype: oa clonotypes: K, , USM, W, Herb. H. KGniger); same collection, culated by W. KoGniger i = Munich, Germany, 7 Sept. 1981, C. Luer 6465 (SE ECUADOR: ni -Chinchipe: epiphytic in cloud forest iy sy yen toward —e alt. 1450 m 27 Mar. 5, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10962 ar: Rio aias Valle de cuaen alt. 1500 m, collected 1988 by A. Andreetta & M. Portilla, cultivated at Paute, 24 May 1988, C. Luer 1362] (MO).
This handsome species occurs sparing- ly in southeastern Ecuador and adjacent northern Peru. It is characterized by a colorful flower unusually large for the size of the plant. The lateral sepals, diffusely and solidly dotted with purple, are propor- tionately large and broadly expanded, while the dorsal sepal is comparatively small. The petals are oblong with a short, basal process. The lip is small, diffusely speckled with purple and broadly oblong or subquadrate.
ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
412. Masdevallia de
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 821 sags nee discolor Luer & Escobar, Orquideologia 15; 129,
1982. From the Latin discolor, “not of the same color,” in reference to the color of the sepaline tails.
Plant medium in size, epiphytic, a a roots slender. Ramicauls blackish, slender, erect, 1-1.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, — olate, 6-10 cm long includ- the base
ing the petiole 1.5-2.5 cm long, the blade elliptical, 1.5-2.2 cm wide, the apex obtuse to rounded,
cuneate into he petiole. Inflorescence a solitary flower ‘am e by an it slender peduncle 10-11 cm long, with a bract near the base, from low on the ramicaul; mee bract tubular, 9 mm long; pedicel 15 mm long; ovary white, dotted with red, 7 mm long; sepals greenish white, speckled with red, glabrous,
the dorsal sepal erect, obovate, concave, 17 mm long, 10 mm ae connate with revolute margins to the lateral sepals for 3 mm to form a a widespread, sepaline cup, the rounded apex abruptly contract- ed into an erect, slender, maroon tail 35 mm long, the i ca en hae widespread, 15
m long, 9 mm wide, connate iets for 1-2 mm, the rou apic d into slender yellow tails 30 mm long; petals white with we! dots at the apex, ried 6mm ke - ns mn 5 mm wide, the apex obtusely bilobed, the labellar margin with a longitu- dinal carina, obtusely winglike a —— the midis, developing into a thick, subacute process at the bas lip erect, white we rig 2 ae. 5 mm ost 3 mm wide, the x obtuse, dark purple witha ha pee al the i man hinged beneath; colum signee with the apex dark purple, semiterete, 4.5 ong, the aan es the foot 3 mm long “ae an aa exten
setae Cundinamarca: Munic. of Gutierrez: between Fosca and Gutierrez, alt. 2400-2600 m, mascas oe, cultivated by H. Schmidt-Mumm, cultivated by M. & O. Robledo at La sy 14 Jan. 1979, R. Escobar 1915 igs JAUM; Isotype: { SEL), C. Luer illustr. 3662; above fees alt. : 2700 m, 15 May 1984, C. . J. Luer, R. Escobar | & E. a pe 10382 (MO); iat agioning Valley, NW of Gacheté, alt. 2600 m, 26 June 1944, M.L. Grant 9515 os Boyaca: Vado a alt. 2500 m, collected by R. Escobar, 1981, cultivated at Colom- borquideas, 9 May 1993, C. Luer 16715
Known only from the Eastern Cordil- lera of Colombia, this species is one of | several in a close alliance including M. | estradae and M. xanthina. The colors of the sepals of these taxa are variable from white or yellow to dark purple. Masdeval- | lia discolor, however, was first identified | by the maroon tail of the dorsal sepal and
the yellow tails of the lateral sepals, but | these colors have proved to vary. The occasional variation with purple aepads 1 is known in the horticultural trade as “forma violacea.”’
The peduncle of M. discolor is about as long as the leaves, and the process at the base of the petals is subacutely angled.
A photograph of this species was misidentified as M. triangularis in the Bulletin of the American Orchid Society,
vol. 33, p. 117, 1964. Plate 413. Masdevallia discolor
ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Plate 414. Masdevaltia discolor
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 823 Ba tc ephelota Luer & Cloes, m the Greek ephelotos, “freckled,” cletice to the speckled sepals.
. nter apie: subsectionis Caudatae, sepals iatceahibas mesh =e intus punctatis, petalorum callo late alato,
Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls ec blackish, erect, 10-15 mm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, ge sell 5 cm long including the petiole 1- a 5 cm long, the blade elliptical, subacute, 1.5-2.3 mm wide, th the blackish petiole. Inflorescence a single flower borne by a slender, erect peduncle ca. ir cm “is from low on the faves ‘floral bract tubular, 1.4 mm long; pedicel 16 mm long; ovary 6-7 long; sepals glabrous, light green, the blade of the dorsal — elliptical, concave, 13 mm long, ee mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 5 mm to form a gaping cup, the apex rounded, abruptly contracted into a reflexed, slender, yellow-green tail 20 mm long, te lateral sepals diffusely speckled within with brown, connate 8
m m
re) cess above the base, 4 mm long, mm wide, the a apex x trun ike aa aliiabe lat aoe cream with
hinged beneath; column white, ns a 5 mm long, the foot 2 mm long with an incurved extension.
PERU: Amazonas: Rio Neiva, alt. 2400 m, collected by Patrick and Martine Cloes. July 2000, cultivated in Hasselt, Belgium, 8 Aug. 2001, C. Luer 20006 (Holotype: MO).
This species of northern Peru is closely allied to those treated in subsection Oscil- lantes. Vegetatively, it is indistinguish- able from many species in section Masde- vallia. It is distinguished by the light green sepals with the broad synsepal diffu- sely speckled with brown. The tails are yellow-green, two centimeters long, and very slender toward the apices. The callus of the petals is broad and winglike, ending in a fingerlike process at the base. The lip is elliptical with the margin minutely fringed above the middle. The tip is trilo- bulate and acutely recurved. The disc is slightly thickened below the middle and the lip is not concave beneath as in subsec- tion Oscillantes.
824 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Plate 415. Masdevallia hicks
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 825 Masdevallia estradae Rchb. f., Gard. Chron. 2: 435, 1874.
Ety: Named in honor of a i first di d Syn.: Masdevallia estradae var. delicata Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s. 17: 524, 1882. Ety.: From the Latin delicatus, ‘‘delicate,” referring to a quality of the plant.
ant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls blackish, slender, erect, 1.5- . : cm long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 4-9.5 cm long including the petiole 1-3.5 cm long, the blade elliptical- pebwe subacute to obtuse, 1.5-2.5 cm wide,
m lo aes per cel 10-21 mm long; ovary rose to white, 5-9 mm long; sepals light yellow to white, suf- ‘asa with rose or purple centrally or basally, glabrous, with the margins microscopically erose, the dorsal sepal obovate, concave, carinate, 15 mm long, 10 mm wide expande Al, ¢ con nate ® to the sapighae oe
m a shallow,
slender, yellowish tail 3-4 cm long, the lateral sepals oblong, oblique, 12 mm long, 7.5 mm wide,
nate 1.5 mm, the apices rounded, ee into big caer ite tails cheat to that of the coral sepal; petals white, oblong, 6 mm long, | m le, 2:5 m wine at the base, the apex tigentate, ms labellar margin with a longitudinal lamella, dilated bove th
cane, seenipairel Srncens lip erect, light rose = white, flecked with purple thin, a slightly concave
, 5.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the apex rounded, with a purple, midline callus, the bas
a hinged beneath; column me Pie ae purple margins, ake. 4. 5 mm long, the foot 4 mm ong, with a slender, incurved extensio
COLOMBIA: bn - discovered in the collec- tion of Dofia Estrada, 1872, by G. Wallis s.n. Fs: (Lectotype: W): eins data, cultivated by H.E. H
Antioquia, alt. 2500 m, 24 Oct. 1884, FC. Lehmann 4131 (AMES, en eg hg: between Sillén and La Pava, alt. 210 1973, collected by J. M. Serna, par re a. & O. Robledo at La Ceja, 15 July 1974, R. Escobar 1290 (JAUM); Urrao, El 2 4
Ceja, 9 Oct. 1977, C. Luer 1969 (SEL); Abriaqui, Rio Herradura, alt. 2200 m, 13 May 1983, R. Escobar & E. Valencia 2592 (JAUM); same collection, cultivat- ed at tis 29 Apr. 1984, C. Luer 10034 (MO). a: Pefia de Gallo, Salto de Candelar, alt. ae ng collate’ by J. Velasquez, cultivated by M. & O. — 23 Mar. 1975, R. Escobar 15 (JAUM). Cundinamarca: road to La Vega, alt. 1800 m, | June a r Renz 3572 (BAS).
This pretty species occurs in all three cordilleras of Colombia, but nowhere is it common. Wallis first found it about 1872 in the collection of a Dofia Estrada in Medellin, but nothing is known about her. Patin later sent living plants, probably the source of the specimen used for the painting in Curtis’ Botanical Magazine.
Masdevallia estradae is distinguished by the slender, single-flowered peduncles that hold the small, delicate flowers above the leaves. The long-tailed sepals are comparatively narrow and usually suffused centrally with purple. The tail of the concave, hoodlike, dorsal sepal points forward. The erect petals and lip are exposed in the center of the flower. It is closely allied to M. ludibunda, which is distin- guished by the more deeply concave, or cucullate, dorsal sepal with a deflexed tail.
ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Plate 416. Masdevaltia estradae
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 827
ay ire eucharis Luer, Novon |: 168, 1991. From the Greek eucharis, “lovely, pleasing,” in to the aspect of the plant.
— small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. ow blackish, erect, slender, 1-1.5 cm lon ani y 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petio 4-5 cm long including the petiole 1-1. 5 m long, = blade elliptical, sae to rounded, 1.7-2.1 cm ner cuneate below into the petiole. Inflor- escence a solitary —t flower, borne by a slender, erect peduncle 25-28 mm long, with a bract above the base, from low on the ramicaul; mers bract tubular, 8 mm long; pedicel 9 long; ovary 4 mm long; pals yellow to ate suffused below the middle with red-brown, glabrous, the dorsal sepal suborbicu- lar-obovate, concave, 12 mm long, 11 mm oe connate to the lateral sepals for 5 mm to form a shallow, conical, sepaline cup, the apex rounded, abruptly contracted into a slender tail 29-32 mm long, the lateral st als neg ne to broadly ovate, oblique, 14 mm long, 11 mm wide, connate 5 mm to form a trans- erse lamina, the apices transverse to obtuse, abruptly contracted into slender tails similar to that of the ane eer petals yellow, nce iP sire long, be 5-2 mm ee the a apen cuneate, os panes the labellar margin with a longitt w the a Mer P in a retrorse process protruding ocala the base; lip yellow with mk peo preach a 75m ide, with the margins thin, minutely erose, obtusely angled near the middle, the
ei ae Saiene, with a small, red-brown, — callus, the disc longitudinally thickened cen- — the base narrowly cordate, hinged beneath; ec mn yello ow with purple dots and margins, semiter-
e, 4.5 mm long, the foot 1 mm long, with an run extension.
ing DOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: above Yangana, alt. ca. 1800 m, 1987, obtained from Dennis D’A- ence cultivated at Colomborquideas, El Retiro, f Colombia, 5 Mar. 1989, C. Luer 14103 (Holotype: i MO).
This species from southern Ecuador is another of the numerous species closely allied to M. xanthina. It is closely related to the usually white-flowered M. bottae, also from southern Ecuador, and it also resembles M. rufescens, which also grows in the area. From the latter two M. eucha- ris is distinguished by the light yellowish sepals suffused with peach or light red- brown, and a rhombic lip with thin, minutely erose, obtusely angled margins, and with the disc longitudinally callous. Some clones of M. bottae, a species char- acterized by a subquadrate lip, are similar- ly colored.
The ‘‘diamond-shaped”’ lip of M. eucharis is reminiscent of the lip seen in subsection Oscillantes. If it were not for the petals with the thick, incurved, basal process, this species might be considered to belong in subsection Oscillantes.
828 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Plate 417, Masdevallia « ‘5
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 829
Masdevallia eumeliae Luer, Lindleyana 8: 44, 1993. Ety.: Named in honor of Sra. Eumelia Cucho de Arias, wife of Manuel Arias Silva of Lima, Peru.
nt medium in size to large, — pr aa roots coarse. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-7 ¢ long, seline’ by 2-3 loose, tubular she Leaf erect, coriaceous, somes! petiolate, 8-18 cm long jeitod- es the petiole 3-6 cm long, the blade abana subacute, 1.8-2.8 cm wide, cuneate below into the pe- . Inflorescence a single flower, borne by a slender, erect cpibe 11-16 cm long, witha thin yes on ve lower third, from the ramicaul 1-2 cm above the base; floral bract tu bular, 1.5 cm long; pedicel 3- 4 cm long; bien 4 7 mm long; sepals red-orange, glabrous and subcarinate externally, long- ead within, the s more or less revolute, ra dorsal a elliptical, 28 mm long, 8 mm wide, connate to ie lateral ea for 7 mm to form a gaping flower, with the subacute = a pe into a slender, Pc on 20-27 mm Ai the lateral cg oblong, ae. obtuse, 25 mm long, 12 mm wide, connate apices contracted into tails ge to that of the anos sepal; eink ab erage siting, with the apex ae and obscurely lobulate, 6.5 mm long, 2 mm wide near the middle, 4 mm wide at the base, the labellar margin with a panier callus ending at hte base ina dcaceding, triangular wing with a bs tip; lip yellow, ovate, 6.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, with cadulating margins above the middle apex narrowly rounded, the disc with a flat, longitudinal callus, t hinged beneath ‘column yellow, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot 2.5 mm long with a thin 1 mm long, incurved exten
PERU: Junin: Prov. of Tarma, epiphytic above Huasa Huasi, alt. 2600-3000 m, collected “4 Felix
Mijahuanga Maza, cultivated in Lima, 23 Oc
by M. Arias S. 002 (Holotype: MO), C. L se i 16329; same area, collected by F. S ekuanien, alt. 3000 m, 15 July 1992, cultivated in Lima by D Bennett 5679 (USM)
This spectacular species has recently been discovered near the locality of Masdevallia uniflora above Huasa Huasi in central Peru. The showy, red-orange flower is held high on a slender peduncle, about as high as the long-petiolate leaves. The blades of the sepals are long-pubes- cent within, and the slender tails are about as long as the blades. The petals possess a large, descending, triangular process at the base. The ovate lip with broadly undulat- ing margins is narrowly rounded at the apex.
5: es cate ae NENTS ie
tes tel 4s SSW
ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
a
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 831
ee expansa Rchb. f., Otia Bot. Hamburgensia 1: 16, 1878.
.: From the Latin expansus, ‘‘expanded,”’ referring to the sepals.
Plant small to medium in size, _ caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1.5-2 cm ete apsinees en 2- 3 tubular shoals. oe coriaceous, 4-7 cm long including a petiole 1.5-2.5
base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 9-10 mm iia pedicel 6-7 mm long; ovary
pals li sepal obovate, concave, 17-19 mm long, 10-11 wid n gaping, sepaline cup, the apex rounded, are contracted into an erect, slender, purple tail 3 cm long, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, 14 mm long, 9 mm wide, mentum below the column-foot, the apices subacute, contracted into slender, purple tails 2.5 cm long; petals white, suboblong, 6 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the apex truncate, ease the labellar margin with a thick longitudinal callus ending in a thick, obtuse, retrorse pro above the base; lip white, m wide, a ts broadly rounded with a marginal callus, the disc shallowly sulcate between a pair of low, longitudinal calli, the base subcordate, hinged beneath; column white, suffused with purple, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot routs long in- cluding the slender, incurved extension.
COLOMBIA: Norte de Santander: La Baja near Pamplona, 849, L. Schlim 1182, in part (Lectotype of M. expansa: W; Isolectotype: G); without collection data, cultivated by J & L Orchids, Easton, CT, 6 Mar. 1978, C. Luer 2787 (SEL).
This species is closely allied to M. caudata, appearing to be a smaller, less colorful variation, and restricted to the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. Schlim’s collection (Schlim 1182) consists of two similar species that have been mounted on separate sheets at W. One is M. arminii, the other was described by Reichenbach as M. expan It is ee from both M. armi- nii and M. caudata by narrower, less deeply connate lateral sepals with a shal- lower mentum. The pressed flower has been ‘“‘expanded’”’ with the sepals widely separated. Reichenbach’s drawing shows the lip oblong with an apical callus. The lip of M. caudata is broadly oblong with the apical callus small and equidistant from the apical and lateral margins.
though no recent collections of this species have been recognized, some may be included among citations of specimens of M. caudata. The illustration provided herewith is as close to M. expansa as any known.
832 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 833 Masdevallia harlequina Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 64: 130, 12
Dec. 1997. Ety.: Named for Harlequin, the clownish character of Italian comedy noted for a mask and spangled tights. Syn.: Masdevallia shiraishii Kéniger & M.Arias, Arcula 7: 199, 22 Dec. 1997. Ety.: Named for Shigero Shiraishi of Tokyo, Japan, orchid hobbyist. Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls black, stout, erect, 1 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 4.5-5.5 cm long including the petiole ca. 2 cm long, the blade — obtuse, 1.5-2 cm wide, cuneate below into the ce Inflorescence a nae ~cohome
borne by a suberect to horizontal = ca. 4 cm long, with a bract at the base, from near th
ramicaul; "floral bract tubular, 8-9 mm long; pedicel 17-18 mm ated ovary 4 mm long; sepals light yellow-orange, with numerous, small, eS patches of ment, red-purple | hairs, the dorsal sepal erect, concave above the middle, 16 mm long, 11 mm wide, sepals for 4 mm to form a shallow, gaping, sepaline cup, the apex rounded, contracted abruptly into a slender pomp A re- flexed tail ca. 4 cm long, the gies sepals subguadrate, oblique, connate 10: mm into rse lamina that is deeply concave centrally, tail 4. 5 cm long; petals white, nee triangular, 5 mm long, 3mm wide, the apex subtruncate, minutely tridentate, the labellar ith a base; lip green, dotted
with purple, ovate, ane en mm cn = = mm wide, thickened toward the rounded base, with the mar- gins thin, long-denticulate to fimbriate above the middle, the apex black, minutely trilobed, the base hinged beneath to the a foot; column light yellow, semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot equally long with an incurved extensi
PERU: Huanuco: without specific data, obtained
ru, by M. Aria: e WK-76 (holotype a Shiraishi: M: isotypes: K, UNALM, USM, Herb. H. Koniger).
This unique species is apparently rare and endemic in central Peru. In common with other species of subsection Caudatae, the erect dorsal sepal is shortly connate to the lateral sepals to form a flower with a gaping sepaline cup. The sepals are diffu- sely studded with small patches of short, purple hairs that appear as numerous dots. The lateral sepals are deeply connate to form a conspicuous, well-demarcated, central depression. The long, slender tails are reflexed. The callus of the petals is thick with square edges as it protrudes beyond the base. The lip stands erect in the center of the flower, hinged to a long, incurved column-foot. The lip is ovate with thin, long-fringed margins, unique in the subsection.
ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Plate 420, Masdevallia harlequina
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 835 Masdevallia hubeinii Luer & Wiirstle, Orchideeén 48: 50, 1986.
Ety.: Named in honor of Herr Giinter Hubein of Berlin, Germany, who has collected extensively in the Andes of Colombia
Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, 1-1.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf = coriaceous, 5-7.5 cm long including the petiole 1.5-3 cm long, the blade obovate, obtuse, 1 .9-2.2 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a single flower borne by a slender, fncata to descending peduncle 3.5-4 cm long, (more or less**S-shaped’’) with a bract near the a from low on the ramicaul; floral bract 8 mm long; pedicel 9 mm long; ovary 5-6 mm long; sepals gl — ag em =a Se — es purple along the veins within,
12m
the dorsal sepal broadly obovate, 13 m wide, ate to the lateral sepals for 6 mm to form a gaping, sepaline meee “om oo permeate Beak a into an erect, slender, light — tail 25 mm long, pi despise sepals lightly “ag with rose below the middle, ovate, obtuse, 13
m wide, c e 5 mm to form a broad, deep mentum below the column-foot, the apices
omic into eeceiling tails similar to that of “a dorsal sepal; petals white, oblon ng, cartilaginous, 6 mm long, 1.5-2.5 mm wide, the truncate apex shortly tridenticulate, the labellar margin with a longitu- dinal callus, obtusely angled above the middle, markedly thickened below the middle to form a large, rounded appendage above a base; lip —- Pen fH erect, 5 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, the apex s
fused with brown, round, recurved, wi argin callus, the disc with a low pair of central, longi-
ae gain edged in purple, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot 3 mm long including the incurved exten
COLOMBIA: Eastern Cordillera, without specific locality, seins by G. Hubein, cultivated in Spiel-
rg, Germany, 27 Oct. 1985, B. Wiirstle 1324 i (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 11456. t
This species was collected somewhere in Colombia by Herr Giinter Hubein, orchid grower in Berlin. It flowered among a group of freshly collected plants of M. hieroglyphica purchased fro Hubein by Berthold Wiirstle. Therefore, it was probably collected out of flower at the same time and place as M. hieroglyphica. The latter is known only from the Eastern Cordillera.
Masdevallia hubeinii is a close relative of M. caudata, also known from the East- ern Cordillera, but it is distinguished from the latter by the smaller, less colorful flowers borne by a more or less horizontal- ly sigmoid peduncle. The sepals are light yellow-green without the prominent purple stripes and dashes seen in M. caudata. The petals, lip and column of the two species are extremely similar. The apical callus of the lip of M. hubeinii is located on the margin, not a distance below the margin as in M. caudata.
836 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Plate 421. Masdevallia hubeinii
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 837
Masdevallia icterina K6niger, Die Orchidee 41: 139, 1990.
Ety.: From the Latin icterinus, ‘‘jaundice yellow,” referring to the color of the flower.
Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls sor ip erect, e, 5-
slender, 1.5-2 cm long, a by 2-3 close, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petio 8.5 cm long including the petiole 1.5-2.5 cm long, the blade elliptical, obtuse, 1.5-2 c aaa narrowly cuneate below into the ae petiole. Inflorescence a solitary flower, borne by a Seale . erect pedun-
cle, 3.5-4.5 cm long, with a bract above the base, from low on the sain floral bract tubular, 11-13 mm long; pedicel 12-15 mm long; ovary green, 5 mm long; sepals pale yellow, more or less lightly dotted with red-purple, glabrous, the dorsal sepal broadly obovate, concave above the middle, 16 mm pa o form i
long, 15 m ide, connate to the lateral sepal to fo llow, widely expanded, sepaline cup, the apex transverse, abruptly contracted into a niin aioe yellow-green tail 4-4.5 cm long, th lateral sepals suborbicular, 18 mm long, 15 mm wide, connate 6.5 mn, the apices ening ‘Sesarcaain into slender, descending tails 3.5 cm long; petals yellow- ais irregularly o oblong, 4.5 mm long, | m
wide at the apex, 1.5 a wide near the middle, 2. 5 nm wide above the base » the apex obtuse, bilobulate, the labellar margin with a longitudinal callus descending process above the base; lip white, ‘diffusely flecked wits pu “ obovate, 5 mm long, 2.75 mm wide, the apex rounded with minutely undulate margins, with a protruding, dark purple, midline callus, the disc convex below the middle, concave beneath, the base narrowly subcordate, hinged below; — yas flecked with purple, semiterete, 4.75 mm long, the foot thick, with a slender, incurved exte
PERU: Amazonas: Bongard, near Pomacochas, alt. ca. 2000 m, collected by J. Meza T. in 1977, cultivat-
Luer illustr. 5274 (copied and slightly modified for Die Orchidee 41, page 140); same collection, cult. at Colomborquideas in Colombia, 17 Apr. 1988, C. Luer 13247 (MQ).
This rare species is endemic in the forests of northern Peru where it is was found growing with M. wurdackii. It is known only from the original collection. It is characterized by the medium-sized
habit with petiolate leaves and light yellow
flower that is large for the subsection. The ,
erect, dorsal sepal is concave toward the ‘
apex to create a hoodlike appearance. The a oa
lip stands erect in the center of the widely spread flower. A dark purple callus is present at the center of the broadly round- ed apex of the obovate lip.
ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 839 Masdevallia immensa Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. rive hs 122, 2000.
Ety: From the Latin immensus, “immense,” referring to the huge size of the flow
Plant large for the subsection, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls blackish, jg erect, 1.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 8-10 cm long including the petiole 2-3 cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical, obtuse, 2.5-3 cm wide, ie base same into the petiole. Inflorescence a solitary flower, borne by a slender, erect peduncle 10-13 cm long, with a msn ae the base, from low on the ramic caul; floral bract 15 mm long; dict: 20 mm long; ovary 10 sepals ivory sinite i creamy or muhy white, lightly audtanest with pale brown above the base, ina eee within l elli l-obovate, concave, 31 mm long, 18 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 5 mm to form a shallow, gaping cup, the apex broadly rounded, abruptly contracted into an erect, light yellow tail 75 mm long, the lateral sepals oblong,
mm wi sepal; petals white, oblong, 7 mm long, 3 mm wide, the apex truncate-tridentate, ve a thick, se a dinal carina along the labellar margin terminating in a thick, retrorse, rounded process beyond the bas
lip white, elliptical-ovate, 7 mm long, 3.75 mm pate the apex a ante’ with a cml midline, nade callus, the disc shallowly sulcate between a pair o , the base subcordate, a beneath; column semiterete, white, 5 mm long, the rss 4 mm n long, witha slender, incurved extensio
U: ae cloud forest between Tingo Maria an Pucallpa, La Divisoria, alt. 1800 m, ice
bre pe ted at Hasselt, Belgium, P. Cloe os oe (Holotype: MO); C. Luer illustr. 19056
This species is one of the largest known in the subsection Caudatae. Although it is related to M. klabochiorum, the huge size of creamy white flowers immediately distinguishes it. Althoug the flowers answer nearly the same de- scription except for dimensions, the ap- pearance is distinctive. The dorsal sepal of both species is concave, but that of M. immensa is broadly and shallowly con- cave, instead of more deeply concave above the middle. The lateral sepals of both species are more or less reflexed, but the angle between them is obtuse in M. klabochiorum and acute in M. immensa. The petals and lip are not distinctive.
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 841 Masdevallia instar Luer & Andreetta, ri 39: 206, 1978.
Ety.: From the Latin instar, ‘‘a likeness, or an image,”’ ity of the species to Masdevallia triangularis Lindl.
Plant medium in size, — — roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, blackish, 2-3 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 6-12 cm long including the petiole 2-5 cm long, the blade alupeal aku subacute, 1.6-2.3 cm wide, the base narrowly cuneate into the petiole. ap seve a wees ae borne by an erect, slender sma 6-12 cm sng hg a bract near the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 8-14 mm long; pedicel 10-20 m long; ovary 9-10 mm long; “ae eilen: pos a flecked with red within, pier us, pee et it ovate, 14-17 mm long, 11-14 mm wide, connate to me lateral sepals for 4-5 mm to form a shallow cup, the apex obtuse to rounded, contracted into a — orange-brown tail 30-45 mm long, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique 17m g, 10-13 m wide, connate 4 mm to form a prominent aaa mentum, the apices subacute, contracted into tails similar to that of ae oo sepal; petals white, ob- ong, € truncate apex light- ly trilobed, the ‘cine margin w ith a thick carina oe at yi Pi ic pase in a thick, t
inflexed, r e appendage; lip thin, eae diffs dotted sie nme oe -ovate, 4.5-5.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, constricted below the truncate
apex, suffused with purple, with a short, midline callus, the base thickened, subcordate or rounded, hinged beneath; column white, suffused with om at the apex, semitercte, 4. 5 mm ame, ie hig 3m long &
ECUADOR: Loja: epiphytic in cloud forest in the Cajanuma — = Sip connie m, a a a lected by A. A Iti uly 1977, C. Luer ae pt same collection, ee
ed at Paute, 24 Jan. 1989, C. Luer neil QO); ee area, collected by B. Malo, cultivated at Tarqui May 1988, C. Luer 13679 (MO); ae in ia forest 2 km east of Vilcabamba, alt. ca. 1500 m, ase 1980, D. D’Alessandro 80-050 ae
ERU: Piura, collected by J. Meza T., 1979, culti- a by W. Koéniger, Aug. 1984, bs ‘Luer 10401 (MO); Ayabaca, Randrahuaca, alt. 2960 m, 15 Nov. 1992, D. Bennett, J. & J. Campoverde 5837 (MO).
This species occurs locally in cloud forests of southern Ecuador, and in north- ern Peru where it is much more frequent. It is similar to Masdevallia triangularis which also occurs in southern Ecuador.
Masdevallia instar is easily distin- guished by the cupped flower with a dis- tinct secondary mentum, instead of a flat, widely spread flower seen in M. triangu- laris. The sepals are subacute instead of acute. The lip is shallowly but abruptly constricted below the broad, non-deflexed apex with a low callus, instead of a tall carina on an elongate, acutely deflexed, erose, apical portion of the lip as seen in
M. triangularis. Plate 424. Masdevallia instar
ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Plate 425. Masdevallia instar
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 843 Masdevallia iris Luer & in pat des 7: 71, 1982.
Ety.: From the Latin iris, *‘a rain f the flowers not unlike an iris.
nt medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1.5-2 cm long, siicineet by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 6-9.5 cm long including the 2- 3.5 cm long petons. oe blade cmipacal, obtuse to subacut te, 1.8- “2. 6c mi wide, cuneate below into the rie petiole. borne b t, slender peduncle 5-7 cm with a bract above the base, from low 0 n the ramicau sc floral bract tubular, 8 mm long; pedicel 8-10 mm mo ng; ovary 7 mm long; sepals yellow, suffused and veined in red-brown, glabrous, the dorsal sepal obovate, 20 mm long, 12 mm wide, oie connate to the lateral sepals for 10 mm to form a deep, gapin ae cup, the free portion rounded, erose near the oe with the lateral sepals, abruptly i apex into a ee ty mnson tail 3-4 cm long, green, turning to orange above the middle, = 2 ne ovate, ap nig 16 mm long, 12 mm ft WARS, connate 5 mm to form a deep, rounded m above the column-foo ils similar to that of the aie oie | ares —— “oblong, 5 mm long, 1. 5-2.5 mm ii the apex tridentate the tebellar margin witha the apex thick, broad, inflexed appendage above the base; lip dull white, pinion 5.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, be parce apex paren with a dark purple, finlike carina in the center of the margin, hollow from beneath, the rounded base suffused with rose, hinged beneath; column white, suffused with purple, semiterete with ee wings and cucullate apex, 4.5 mm long, the foot 3 mm long with a long, stout, incurved exten
VENEZUELA: Tachira: Alto de Buenavista, alt. 2250 m, 1972, collected by R. Mejia, cultivated by M. & O. Robledo at La Ceja, Colom pin — Sept. 1977, hg Luer 1858 (Holotype: SEL); s collec- tion, R. Escobar 1496 (JAUM); g~t0e colleston 9 Apr. 1988, C. Luer 13099 (MO). Portuguesa: Alto
Sucre, Caserio Villa py 20 Km east of] =< agai 1200-1500 m ne 1985, G. Aymard, N.
uello & R. Pate Tech a EN).
This colorful species, apparently re- stricted to northwestern Venezuela, was first collected by Sr. Roberto Mejia in 1972. Itis similar to M. caudata, but M. iris is identified by smaller flowers striped and suffused with reddish brown on all three long-tailed sepals. The petals are white with a thick, retrorse, basal process. The margin of the apex of the oblong lip is provided with a tall, finlike, hollow callus. The callus of M. caudata is smaller and located below the margin. As in M. caudata, the apex of the column is hooded.
ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
5 mm
Plate 426. Masdevallia iris
Sa
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 845 oe klabochiorum Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 5(1): 720, 1876, as klabochorum. Ety.: Named in honor of the brothers Klaboch who collected the species. Syn.: Masdevallia paisbambae Besenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. AT: 425, 1924.
Ety.: Named for the community o of Paisbamba near which the plant was discovered. Syn.: sso a Luer & Malo, Phytologia 42:457, 1979. Ety.: From k a-, ‘‘without,” and ops, “‘an eye, -eyed,” referring to absent ‘‘eye-spots’’ at
the base - ne fate sepals. Syn.: Masdevallia xanthina Rchb.f. subsp. klabochiorum (Rchb.f.) Luer, Lindleyana 3: 64, 1988.
Pl di piph Ramicauls blackish, agri _ 0.8-
1.5 cm long, enclosed by 2- 3 oe tubular sheaths. Leaf coriaceous, erect, petiolate, 4-6 cm long in- cluding the petiole 1.5-2.5 cm long, the blade ves gg to broadly ~~ prin to crea at the apex, 2-2.5 cm wide, the base cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence a solitary flower borne by an erect > ee peduncle 4-5 cm long, with a bract near -t anes from low on a ramicaul; floral bract ide. 10 mm long; pedicel 10 mm long; ovary 7 mm long; —_ white, sometimes suffused i in pale = —o the veins, — the Lap sepal erect cee , 15-21 mm a 15 mm wide, 3-v , conna' o the la ateral sepals 4 mm to form a shallow, gaping, sepaline cup, th apex ame. peers co eats: into a slender, obs tail 3-5 cm long, the lateral sepals clita oblique, widely expaanes, = 18 mm long, me ih — <— ira ae mm i form a transverse fol below the column-foot, t o that of the dorsal s sepal, petals
white, oblong, 5-6 mm long, 2- 2. 5 mm wide, the Sige ea tridentate the labellar margin with longitudinal callus, obtusely thic abo base; lip erect, white with purple e dots, oblong, 4.5-5. Sn - nto 2 5. 3 mm wide, the rounded agi with a purple, — inal callus, the base thickened, rounded eath; column greenish w arked with purple, emi iterete, 4-5 mm long, the apex oe iy the foot 4 mm long erate the incurved soe on.
COLOMBIA: Cauca: without locality, 22 May 1876, Messrs. Klaboch s.n. (holotype of M. klabochiorum: W); near Paisbamba, alt. 2500-2900 m, 21 Feb. 1884, ra oH ing bean ie BR, fe bin of M. pais- ambae). An Urrao, co ed by E. Valen- cia, ats eee re eae 25 Apr. 1988 C. Luer 13307 (MO). Boyaca: Pefia de Gallo, road to
by M. & O. Robledo at La Ceja, 28 Sept. 1977, C. Luer 1856 (SEL). Narino: ene me 7 - Sotara near Paisbamba, alt. 2500-290 , 21 Feb. 1884, F.C. Lehmann 3719 (BR); se a north of Pasto, alt. 2400 m, collected by R. Escobar, cultivated at Colomborquideas, 9 May 1985, c. Luer 11312 (MO).
SEL). Zamora-Chinchipe: epiphytic in cloud forest between Loja and Zamora, alt. 2250 m, 22 May 1988, C. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores, A. Andreetta & W. Teague 13610 (MO).
PERU: Amazonas ?: Villa Rica, alt. 1800 m, collect- ed June 1990 by J. Campoverde, cultivated Oct. 1992 by . Rolando 001] (MO), C. Luer illustr. 16601.
This species is variable in its wide distribution from Colombia through Ecuador into Peru. It was first recognized by Reichenbach when he described a collection from southern Colombia by the Klaboch brothers. It is one of many species that is basically similar to M. xanthina, but the sepals are white and without an “‘eye-spot at the base of the lateral sepals.
846 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Plate 427. Masdevallia klabochiorum
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 847
Vegetatively, it is characterized by elliptical, petiolate leaves borne by short ramicauls that are usually blackened, as commonly seen in many species, by what appears to be a fungas. The petioles and ramicauls of plants in cultivation lose the blackish color and become green.
The flowers are white, and held by slender peduncles about as high as the leaves. The are proportions of the floral parts are variable, hardly no two popula- tions being exactly the same. The dorsal sepal is more or less concave above the middle, and it stands erect with a long, slender, yellowish tail. The lateral sepals are partially connate and expand beyond a shallow, sepaline cup, and spread their equally long, slender tails. The positions of the lateral sepals vary from widely expanded to reflexed. A dark ‘‘eye-spot’’ at the base of the lateral sepals, so fre- quently seen in similar species, including M. xanthina, is absent, suggesting a dif- ferent pollinator. Similar, but often slightly smaller, white flowers with the “‘eye- spot,” are oreo as the color-variation of M. xanthina known as M. pallida. No pollinators are know
Typical for the ae Caudatae, the lip and column, flanked by the petals, stand more or less erect in the center of the sepaline cup. The petals are white with a marginal callus, more or less wep above the middle, and ending with a thick, blunt p low the base of the column. The lip is simple, ellipti- cal to ‘oblong with a dark marginal callus at the tip.
ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Plate 428. Masdevallia i . klabochi (Masdevallia aops) pect
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 849
Masdevallia leonii D.E.Benn. & Christenson, - Orch. Peruv., Pl. 683, 2001. Ety.: Named for M. Leon M., co-collector of this speci
Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramiconls erect, stcmiies, ca. | cm long, omg by pr — tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, ae subacute, . 3cm
1.5 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole 1.2-1.7 c es florescence a ‘singl e flower pro- oa te iia aa peduncle 8 cm long, with a bract near i base, from the low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 10 mm long; pedicel 12 mm long; ovary 6 mm long; sepals cream-colored, with a
rk minutely rugose above the middle, 11 mm long, | 1 mm wide expanded, 5-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 2 mm to form a gaping sepaline cup, the apex obtuse, reflexed, contracted into a slender tail 16
tudinal callus ending in a broad, thick, subacute angle at the base; lip ‘subquadrate, 2.5 mm long, 3 mm
expanded, 2 mm _— the apex transversely truncate with the margin shortly recurved, ei a central
callus, the disc curved, featureless, the base rounded, hinged beneath by a short, filamentous strap from
the tip of the th a . the column-foot; column thick, semiterete, 3 mm long, the foot pens long, with an incurved exten
U: PUNO: Sandia, district of San Juan "§ we ait. 1900 m, 24 Sept. 1995, M. Leon, lantes & O. Cjuno 721 (Holotype: MO), = eee illustr. 19490, not previously published.
This species is apparently endemic in southeastern Peru, where it is known from only collection. Vegetatively not remark- ably distinct from other species of the subsection, the shallowly cupped flower is carried beyond the leaves. The dorsal sepal is concave, cucullate and minutely rugose within. The tail, a little longer than the blade, is acutely reflexed, while similar tails of the lateral sepals are descending. The column and petals stand together erect and exposed in the center of the cup. The lip is subquadrate without expansion of the broad, shortly recurved apex. The base is connected beneath to the incurved exten- sion of the column foot by a very slender but short strap.
850 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Plate 429. Masdevallia leonii
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 851
Masdevallia ludibunda Rchb.f., Gardners’ Chronicle 17( 1): 179, 1882. Ety.: From the Latin /udibundus, “sportive,’’ probably in allus f at that time, that it was possibly a natural hybrid between M. caudata and M. estradae
Syn.: Masdevallia estradae var. ludibunda (Rchb.f.) Godefroy, Orchidophile 1: 270, 1881.
Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, blackish, 1-3 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 5-10 cm long including the petiole 2-4 cm long, the blade elliptical, i a to dee 1.2-1.8 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a single flow y a slender, erect peduncle 6-9 cm long, with a bract near the base, from the low on the ae apie ce tubular, 8-10 mm long; pedicel 6-15 mm long; ovary 5-6 mm long; sepals microscopically pubescent within, white, to white or yellow-green
cucullate, 15 mm long, 7 mm wide expanded, connate to oe lateral sepals for 2 mm to form a gaping sepaline cup, the apex subacute, contracted into a deflexed, slender, yellowish tail 25-33 mm long, the lateral sepals oblong, oblique, 11 mm long, 6 mm wide, fern basally for 2 mm, the apices subacute,
contracted into tails similar to that of the dorsal sepal; petals white, oblong, 5 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, the truncate ss shallowly tridenticulate, the labellar sian with a longitudinal callus ending ina broad, subac cite att the bas ase; ny white, oblong, 4.5 mm long, 2 mm po. oo sat at -black, truncate, toate recurved, the disc shallowly sulcate betw ing calli, the base omen hinged beneath; column white suffused with aes pe oh 4 mm shone, the foot 2 mm long, with a long, incurved exten
COLOMBIA: without locality, imported with plants of M. shuttleworthii by F. Sander, cultivated by Sir Trevor Lawrence s.n. (Holotype: W);, without ao ty, cultivated at J & L Orchids, Easton, CT., 21 A 8, C. Luer 2896 (SEL). Norte de nl epiphytic in cloud forest near the pass of Alto de Santa Inez, alt. 2100 m, collected | 13 May 1984, by
obar borquideas, 8 May 1985, Cc. Luer 11302 (MO).
This species was imported by F. Sander & Co. of St. Albans, England, with plants of M. shuttleworthii (M. caudata) from Colombia without specific locality.
Masdevallia ludibunda is similar to M. estradae, but the former is distinguished by the larger, concave, carinate, arcuate, more or less hooded dorsal sepal with the tail pointing downward. Both species are variable vegetatively and in the size of the flowers. The flowers of M. ludibunda are particularly variable in color. The descrip- tion of the type by Reichenbach indicates yellowish sepals suffused with brown. §*—_—————————_ Pure yellow and pure purple variations are known as well as whitish or " yellow forms variously suffused with purple.
854 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Plate 431. Masdevallia ludibundella
ee ee
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 853 Masdevallia ludibundella Luer & Escobar, Lindleyana 10: 120,
1995. Ety.: From the Latin pe awe for Iudibundus, in allusion to the resemblance of the plant to a minute Masdevallia ludibu
hing pers presumably epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, h, 7-1 ong, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 2-3 cm lo tae the hea 1-1.2 cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical-obovate, subacute to obtuse, 0.6-0.8 cm
8 mm long; pedicel 14-15 mm long; ovary 5-6 mm long; sepals gla apie — so nog? — rose, the dorsal sepal oblong, carinate, concave, arcuate-cucullate, with minutely e
long, 5 mm wide expanded, connate to the lateral sepals for 2 mm to a a sae caine a te apex obtuse, contracted into a suberect, stout, yellowish tail 15 mm long, the lateral sepals oblong-ovate, oblique, 10 mm long, 5 mm wide, connate basally for 1.5 mm, _ apices acute, contr oni into tails similar “ that of the dorsal sepal; petals white, oblong, 4.5 mm long, 1.5-2 m de, the truncate apex shallowly trilobulate, the labellar margin with a longitudinal me Ae Sata in ns oes proces at the base; lip age oblong, 4 an long, L. < mm wide, the apex brown, truncate, shortly recurved, with a mbes allus h sulcate between a low pair of parallel calli, - base rounded, ‘ein beneath; column white, cidinare, 3. o mm long, the foot 1 mm long, with an incurved exte
COLOMBIA: without collection come obtained omg the late Don Richardson of Man t, New Y
ca. 1975, cultivated at Colom aE 16 ‘ins 1993, C. Luer 1688] (Holotype: MO).
This species was obtained by Colom- borquideas about 1975 from Don Richard- son who maintained a large collection of orchids at ‘“‘Greentree,’’ Manhasset, Long Island, NY. The plant has thrived in culti- vation, maintaining the dwarf habit. Although the flowers are very similar to those of M. ludibunda, the habit of this species is distinct: a very small, densely caespitose plant with leaves less than three centimeters long including the petioles. The flowers are borne high above the leaves by peduncles twice to thrice as long as the leaves. Except for the smaller size, short tails about 15 millimeters long, and a suberect dorsal sepal with a suberect in- stead of decurved tail, the morphology of the sepals, petals and lip are essentially the same.
856 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Plate 433. Masdevallia lychniphora
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 855 Masdevallia lychniphora K6niger, Die Orchidee 31: 116, 1980; emend. 36: 87,
Ety.: From the Greek lychniphoros, “ruby bearing,”’ in allusion to the colors of the flower.
Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, blackish, erect, 15-17 mm long, wi by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 3-6 cm long including the 2-2.5 cm long petiole, the blade elliptical, ‘obtuse, 1.5-2 cm wide, the base cuneate into the slender pe- tiole. pans atin a solitary flower, borne facing down a a slende ler, more or less horizontal peduncle - 2-2 cm long, witha — bract above the coe from low on the ramicaul; floral bract oblique, 6-7
m long; pedicel 12-13 mm long; ovary 3 mm long; sepals glabrous, with the margins minutely erose, ihe dorsal sepal white, rosy we a ovat concave, obtuse, 12 mm long, 9 mm wide expanded, connate to the lateral sepals for 3.5 mm to for
shallow, rote cup, the apex rounded, pat con- tracted into a slender, yellow-green tail 15 mm long, the lateral pve light yellow, suffused Pim red on the inner prising ovate, oblique 9.5 mm long, 6mm wide, e 1.5 mm, the apices acute, contracted into ake, yellow tals ae mm long; _— white, irregularly oblong, 6 mm , 1.75 mm wide above the base, the me ee truncate, , initiates dentate, the labellar margin with a longitudinal, wing-like callus ending in a retrorse process above the base; lip white, suffused with red toward the base, ovate, 5 a long, 2.25 mm wide, the apex obtuse with with a minute, midline callus, the disc shallowly pha aes a low pair of calli, the base Fi hinged beneath; column white, semiterete, 4 mm long, a foot 3 mm long with a slender, in- Stee extensi
i 4 ¢ tad 4
ee “SI S \ ‘
PERU: Amazonas: between Chachapoyas and Pomacochas, alt. 2000 m, Aug. 1979, W. Kéniger, H. iniger, J
K 4 eza et al. K-20b (Holotype: SEL; Isotypes K, M, , W, Herb. H. ger); same collection, gp 2 W. Ko6niger in 1
vated in Trenton, KY, 15 April 1991, C. Luer 15268 (MO).
This species is apparently endemic in a small, forested area in Amazonian Peru. Although similar in many respects to other small species of the subsection Caudatae, itis readily identified by the ruby-red suffusion on the inner halves of the other- wise yellow lateral sepals. The flowers more or less face downward on short, horizontal peduncles. The calli of the petals are thick with prominent basal processes that touch above the base of the lip. The lip is ovate with the apex narrow- ly obtuse.
Plate 432. Masdevallia lychniphora
ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
852
Plate 430. Masdevallia ludibunda
if oA
eo >
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 857
Masdevallia mandarina (Luer & Escobar) Luer, comb. nov. Bas.: Masdevallia —— Rehb. f. subsp. some Luer * Escobar, et 3: 64, 1 Ety.: From Far East origin, “‘mandarin,”’ referri ange of the fruit of i a mandarin ang Citrus reticulata.
Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls blackish, slender,
ow into the blackish petiole. Inflorescence a solitary, showy flower borne by an erect to suberect, rane peduncle a cm long, with a bract near the base, ‘from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 7-10 m: long; pedicel 9-12 mm long; ovary 4-6 mm long; sepals orange, suffused with — glabrous, me dorsal sepal obov a concave, 14-20 mm long, 9-15 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 3-5 m form a shallow, widespread cup, the rounded apex abruptly contracted into an erect, slender, yellow i orang —— ~ 3.5-5 cm mee the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, 11-17 mm long, 8-14 mm wide, connate 2-5 mm times with a small, obscure, brown spot at the base, ~ rounded p ponds contracted imo = staat ~ ed of the fae sepal; petals w otis oblong, 5.5-6 long, 1.5-2.5 mm wide, the truncate apex tridentate, the labellar margin with a longitudinal carina, sepa angled erin the middle oa produced va : thick, incurved tooth above the base; lip erect, white with purple flecks, elliptical-ob- long, 5-6 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, the apex rounded with a dark purple, marginal callus, the base rounded, ee! beneath; column white, marked with purple at the toothed apex, semiterete, 4-5 mm long, the foot 2 mm long with an incurved extension.
COLOMBIA: Antioquia: epiphytic in forest near Yarumalito, alt. 2350 m, 15 May 1985, C. Luer, R. Escobar & E. Valencia 11383 (Holotype: MO. Isopype: JAUM); epiphytic in forest near Urrao, cultivated by M. & O. Robledo at La Ceja, 3 Oct. 197
Santa Marta, epiphytic near Puerto Bello, alt. 1600 m, Jan. 1978, collected by Sergio Restrepo, cultivat- ed at Colomborquideas, 22 Nov. 1981, C. Luer 6755 SEL): Livornia, Play6n, alt. 2000 m, collected by E. is July 1987, cultivated at Colomborquideas, 6 mae ss Luer 13004 (MO). =o ee ee Valle del os alt. i m, ae by A. Andreetta & M. Portilla, cultivated at Paute, 24 May 1988, C. os 13641 er Zamora-Chinchipe: Numbala, collected by B. Malo, cultivated at Tarqui, 25 May 1988, C. Luer 13684 (MO).
The typical Colombian Masdevallia xanthina is characterized by widely spread, light yellow sepals with a dark patch of color at the base of the lateral sepals, presenting as a prominent pair of ‘“‘eye-spots,’’ probably a target for the pollinator. Plants with similar but orange flowers without a spot at the base of the lateral sepals are treated here as M. manda- rina. Plants with similar but white flowers without a spot at the base of the lateral sepal are treated as M. klabochiorum. Probably different pollinators are utilized. All three species occur locally in Colombia and in Ecuador. Similar plants from Peru with purple sepals are treated as M. cloesii. Except for the distinctive colors, the four taxa are practically indistinguishable.
A similar problem of white and orange flowers occurring in morphologically similar Platanthera blephariglottis Lindl. and P. ciliaris (L.) Lindl. is met in these terrestrial species of North America.
858 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Plate 434, Masdevallia mandarina
I eg ne
Ks a
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 859
Masdevallia marizae Luer & Rolando, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 79:
24, 2000. Ety.: Named for Mariza Rolando, wife of Isaias Rolando, of Lima, Peru.
Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots stout. Ramicauls stout, erect, 2.5-3.5 cm long, enclosed by a loose, tubular sheath and another 1-2 sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, long- petiolate, 8- “i cm long including the petiole 1.5-2 cm long, the blade elliptical subacute, 3 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into - etiole. a solitary flower borne by a peduncle 12 cm long, witha sheath above the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract i mm long; pedicel 15 mm long; ovary 6 mm long; sepals vais rose, diffusely and intensely ranagy with purple, the = Sihime minute toward the apices, ie dorsal _ ovate, concave, 14 mm long, 12 mm wide, 3-veined, the a round, contracted into a yellow-green, forwardly directed tail 4. oe pei connate to the ied sepals for 6 mm, the lateral nn tg ‘oblo ong, obli athe obtuse, 28 mm long, 15 mm wide, 3-v connate 12 mm, the apices contracted into tails 3-4 cm long, similar to oa of the pace sepal; pos white, cartilaginous, more or less oblong, obtuse, shallowly retuse, the labellar margin with a longitudin- al callous terminating in a retrorse process at the base, 4.5 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, |-veined; ie rose diffusely dotted with purple, ovate-ovoid, convex, 4 mm long, 3 mm wide, the apex obtuse, the disc shallowly sulcate, the base rounded, thickened beneath, hinged to the column-foot, column white, stout, 4 mm long, the foot 2 mm long with an incurved extension, the anther and stigma ventral.
RU: Cuzco: Urubamba, aay tr by I. Rolando
a can Oct. 1999, flowered in cultivation by f M. Rao in Wilmington DE, 17 Mar. 2000, C. Luer f 1928] (H Holotype: MO); lower oo of the i
Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu, 2000,
Quispe 001 (prepared by R. Fernandez) (MO).
This species appears similar to M. decumana, but it is readily distinguished from the latter by the larger habit and long peduncle that extends the flower beyond the tips of the leaves. The flowers are similar with a dorsal sepal about half the length of broad lateral sepals. The sepals are similarly diffusely dotted with purple, but they are not as widely expanded as in M. decumana. Instead of subquadrate and flat, the lip of M. merizae is ovoid and convex.
860 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Plate 435. Masdevallia marizae
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 861
Masdevallia ne (Luer & R.Escobar) Luer & R.Escobar, Thesaurus Masdeval- liarum | Bas.: onal ah picpuneile Luer & Escobar, subsp. nivea Luer & R-Escobar, Lindleyana 3: 55,
Ety:: From the Latin niveus, “‘snow white,” referring to the pure white flowers.
Plant small, a dae 7 roots — Ramicauls slender, erect, blackish, 10-12 mm
_— —— sed by ar sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 3.5-5.5 cm long 7 uding the | gee ca. | g, the blade aioe, es 1. 3-1.8¢ ie cuneate below into the slender petiole. Inflo cence a S almae snow white flower borne as a slender, erect peduncle 4-4.5 cm long, me a bract near
the base, eas low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 10- M mm — pedicel 11 mm long; se pals white, yellowish toward the base, gla vost the margins microscopically er — dorsal ae obovate-suborbicular, concave, 12 mm long, 8 mm wide, cae to the lateral sepals oo to form a shallow, gaping, sepaline cup, the rounded apex eonenied into an erect, slender, light acne: -green ss 2 ies cm ss ong, the kena pens oblong, obligne, 10 mm Bb long, 8 mm w wide, connate 2 mm, forming am s similar to that of the Soret Doan ootllts white, ood 5 mm long, 1.5-2.5 mm wide, the apex thin, obtusely truncate, the labellar margin with a longitudinal, winglike carina, cer into a eae incurved —— above the shortly unguiculate base; lip white, elliptical, 4.75 mm long, 2.6 mm wide, the apex round with a small callus near the margin, the base round, hinged or column niu white, Tablanels 4.5 mm long, the foot 2.5 mm long with a short, incurved extensi
COLOMBIA: Santander: epiphytic in cloud forest southeast of Bucaramanga toward Guaca, alt. 2840
n W. Kon Munich, Germany, 30 Sept. 1987, C. ia 12960 (Holotype: MO).
This small, white-flowered species is locally abundant in the cloud forests of high altitudes in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. It is distinguished from purpurella by the longer, erect peduncles that usually hold the flowers above the leaves. In the latter the peduncles are usually shorter and suberect, bearing the flower lower than and among the leaves. The snow white sepals of M. nivea are more widely spread, less deeply connate, with rounded apices of the lateral sepals instead of acute. The petals, lip and column stand erect in the gaping, sepaline cup, while in M. purpurella they are held more or less horizontally in a less widely spread sepaline cup.
Masdevallia nivea is also similar to the larger, widely distributed, white-flow- ered M. klabochiorum, but the former is distinguished by the smaller size, both vegetative and floral, and the inflexed apex of the large tooth of the petal. In ap- pearance, it is most similar to the white, small-flowered, Ecuadorian M. bottae, from which it is distinguished by the inflexed apex of the tooth of the petal and the narrower lip.
862 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Plate 436, Masdevallia nivea
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 863
ee pandurilabia C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 10: 113, 1942. .: From the Latin pandurilabius, “with violin-shaped lip,”’ referring to the shape of the lip.
ant medium in size to large, 1, densely caespitose; roots slencer. Ramicauls
erect, slender, 4-7 cm long, enclosed | “i 2. 3 chi tubular sheaths. Leaf erect to suberect, coriaceous, long-petiolate, 7-15 cm a mee’ ing — e 2-5 cm long, th 2. 2.8 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the ae petiole. In florescence a solitary flower, borne a slender, erect peduncle, 18. 21cm on with a bract near the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 10- a mm long; pedicel 12-25 mm long; ovary 6-7 mm long; sepals pale yellow, with
short, — airs within, ci ete tee is the ran sepal broadly ovate, 9 mm long, 9.5 mm wide, connate to the iaieral pals for 5 mm to form a shallow, sepaline cup, the free portion rounded, micro- scopicaly lacenate, abruptly contracted into a ae, erect, ye ellow-green tail 20-25 mm long, the lateral sepals connate ina, 9-11 mm long, 14 mm wide expanded, the obtuse apices contracted into tails similar to that ‘of he dine sepal; petals pale yellow, oblong, 5 mm long, | 1.25-2 mm wide, the apex notched, acute, the labellar margin with a retrorse oe a “in shortly ungiculate P lip bright yellow, panduriform, 4.5 mm m lo ong, 2.5 mm wide, narrowed above the middle, the apex purple, obtuse, wit hick marginal callus, the disc shallowly
sulcate, the base cordate with elevated margins, hinged chat column white, suffused with purple, semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot stout, 2 mm long, with a slender extension.
PERU: Huanuco: Panao, on shrubby slopes, alt. ca. 2770 m, 10 May 1923, J. F. Macbride 3625 (Holo-
Colomborquideas, 10 Apr. 1988, C. Luer 13147 (MO).
This species is endemic in the area around Panao in semi-arid, mountainous, central Peru. Great masses of plants accumulate in the deep, leafy humus under scrubby trees along quebradas. The long, slender peduncles surpass the leaves by about half their length. The pale yellow flower is studded within by short, red ' hairs. The apex of the pandurate lip is i thickened with a dark purple callus. &
864 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Plate 437. Masdevallia pandurilabia
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 865
Masdevallia papillosa Luer, Lindleyana 10: 232, 1995. Ety: From the Latin papillosus, ““with papillae,’’ referring to the sepals.
Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; te slender. Ramicauls slender, blackish, erect, 10-15 mm long, spoon d by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceou is rain) arora sin cm were including the 1.5-2.5 m long petiole, the blade dark green, elliptical, subacute, 1.2-1.5 m , the base cuneate into the aol. black petiole. Inflorescence a single flower borne “by a otine sinioanit peduncle up to 3.5 cm kane, mon nip on em pare floral bract tubular, 7 mm long; pedicel 7 mm long; ovary 4 mm long; d, deep rose-purple on lower egies a pp cen within, ~ nr exteally, om ~orsg of the dorsal sepal obovate, 12 mm long, 8.5 mm wide, c e to the lat s for3 m orm a gaping cup, the apex rounded, ee A penser he an seth tender. yellow am 20 mm Tong eos lateral sepals more or less ovate, oblique, 9 mm _ 6.5 mm _ conn mm, ntracted into tails similar to that of the dorsal sepal; petals w shina with rose, obl ong, W with : a carina along the labellar margin ending in a descending, eda acute, winglike lobe above the base, 4 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3 mm wide above the base, the apex truncate, trilobulate; lip white, int aeh with rose, speckled with le, elliptical-oblong, 3.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the apex dark purple, rounded, with a small, marginal ‘callus, the disc with a parallel pair of ear calli, the base subtruncate, hinged beneath; ee white, suffused with purple, semiterete, 3.5 m long, the foot 3 mm long with an eal exten
ECUADOR: agp epiphytic in forest east of a alt. ca. 2000 m, collected by Hart-
an Mendoz "1993, pea by J & L Orchids 294. 450, an CT, 10 May 1995, C. Luer 17488 (Holotype: MO).
Plants of this species as well as others were collected in 1993 by the late Hartman Mendoza of Vilcabamba, Ecuador, shortly before his untimely death. Masdevallia hartmanii was the first to flower at J & L Orchids in Easton, CT, and was followed soon thereafter by M. papillosa.
Masdevallia papillosa is distinguished by the small, horizontally borne, widely spread flower with a short, gaping sepaline cup with the column, petals and lip stand- ing erect in the center, but most remark- able in subsection Caudatae are the inner surfaces of the sepals that are covered by prominent papillae.
ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Plate 43g. Masdevallia papillosa
: F | |
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 867
Masdevallia pernix Koniger, Die Orchidee 33: 107, 1982.
Ety: From the Latin pernix, “‘agile, active,” referring to the freely motile lip.
— small, epiphytic, caespitose; es sakes: Ramecents blackish, slender, erect, 1.5-2 cm long, er me y 2-3 loose, tubu lar sheaths. t, dark green, coriaceous, ee 5-7.5
m long silane the petiole 1.5-2 cm a3 the blade elliptical, 2.2-2.7 cm wide, the apex obtuse to eianel the base cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence a solitary, showy penta borne ty an erect to horizontal, slender peduncle 4-5 cm long, with a bract near the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 10 mm long; pedicel 17 mm long; ovary 7-8 mm long; sepals yellow, ded. diffusely w = red, especially along the veins, glabrous, the dorsal sepal erect, obovate, concave, 19 mm long, 15 m wide, connate to the Eetees! sega for 7 mm to form a shallow, gaping, sepaline cup, ee nded i abruptly t, slender, dark red-brown tail 38 mm long, the lateral = eon iar a ‘eins Brag i 20 mm long, cach 16 mm lee connate 10 mm to
mina 32 obtuse apices imilar to that of és boas sepal; petals oe iis hn “¢ 75 mm long, L. a Ps = — the aes traneme, tridentate, ‘the ‘labellar margin with a longitudinal lamella, broad] the wie se; lip balanced horizontally and ecm white with purple dots above the middle, orange toward the base, oblong, 5 mm long, 3 mm wide, the apex rounded, recurved, with a purple, marginal dita the base thickened, obtuse, hinged t beneath; column white, dotted with purple, aga 5 mm long, the apex minutely denticulate, the foot 2 mm long, with a slender, incurved extensio
PERU: Amazonas: Prov. of Bongard: between Pomacochas and Moyabamba, alt. 2000 m, collected by J. Meza hess 1980, flowered in cultivation in ie
unich, Ger coe 7 —- 1981, W. Kéniger s.n. H oe SEL:I K, M, MO, USM, W, Herb. S H. KGniger), C. os ( aseny 6520.
In a shipment of various orchid plants, collected by Jorge Meza near Pomacochas and sent to the Kénigers in Germany in 1980, there was a single plant which proved to be an undescribed species when it flowered the following year. No other collection is known. Attempts at self-fer- tilization have been unsuccessful.
Vegetatively, it is characterized by a comparatively large, dark green, elliptical leaf with a long, blackish petiole, and the flower is one of the largest in the subsec- tion. The broadly expanded, yellow sepals are minutely spotted with red. The pro- cess at the base of the petals is merely triangular. The loosely hinged, oblong lip, set in motion by the slightest disturbance, is only slightly convex medially, and not concave beneath.
ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Plate 439, Masdevallia pernix
| | { / f ; :
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 869
parce phlogina Luer, Lindleyana 8: 47, 1993.
From the Greek phloginos, ‘‘fiery,” referring to the color of the flower.
Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, blackish, 2-2.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, dark green, 5-9 cm long including a blackish petiole 1.5-2.5 cm long, the blade elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 2-2.5 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a single flower, borne by a slender, erect peduncle 7-8 cm long, with a bract near the base, from near the base of a semaierans, floral bract tubular, 15 mm long;
and
pedicel 20 mm long; ovary 8 mm long; | sepels orange, suffuse dotted
along the midveins, lightly carinate, Zz ally i y papillose within, the dorsal
ii oblong- jor a concave, 20 mm oe 13 m m wide, ‘connate to the lateral sepals for 4-5 m to form a gaping flower, the apex rounded, abruptly contracted into a slender, orange, lightly re-
flex d tail S- é oa long, the cael anes expanded, oblong- ovate, obtuse, oblique, 19 mm long, 12 mm ara
apex descending, oblong , obtuse e proc ie upper margin with a similar but smaller process; lipo e, flecked with red, pace . the apex, elliptical-oblong, ia i arcuate, 5.5 mm long,
, the apex — Ao sa with a small, midline callus, the disc superficially channeled, thickened toward the base, the base subcordate, ann d beneath; column orange, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot thick with a seas, ahaee incurved extensi
PERU: ncaa a Bongar4, epiphytic in between Pomacochas and Rio Rioja, alt. 2000 se ge: es
cultivated a eek, Belgium, Nov Pe a 852020 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer ~ at oe
This species, apparently uncommon and restricted to an area of northern Peru, is most similar to M. mandarina, both species bearing colorful, orange flowers that are streaked in red. No “‘eye-spot” is present at the bases of the lateral sepals that are microscopically papillose within. Most distinctive, however, are the petals that bear an oblong lobe above the base on both margins. The lip is more or less oblong with thin microscopically erose margins and thickened toward the base where it is simply hinged beneath to the extension of the column-foot.
ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Plate 440, Masdevallia phlogina
q
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 871
sag pileata Luer & Wiirstle, Orchideeén 48: 50, 1986. From the Latin pileatus, “‘with a cap,” referring to the appearance of the dorsal sepal.
Plant medium in size, presumably epiphytic der. R t, 2-3 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf er erect, ‘coriaceous, 8-11 cm long nlig the indi petiole 2-3 cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical, acute, 0.9-1.3 cm wide, gradually narrowed below the slender petiole. Inflorescence a oe flower borne by an erect, slender peduncle 9-10 cm mae ee a rei above the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 12 mm long; pedicel = a long; ovary 7 mm long; sepals white, amas ores shortly glandular pubescent within, the re suffused with red within centrally, ro ‘concave, Cirected forward, - mm long, 10 mm a expanded, connate basally to the lateral sepals , the apex obtuse, contracted into a slender, white, upcurved tail 20 mm cae the lateral sepals suffused with | = within basally, narrowly ovate, 20 mm long, 6.5 mm wide, connate 2 mm, the apices acute, tapered into slender, white tails 22 mm long; petals erect, yellow, oblong, 5.75 mm long, 1.5-2 mm spr the apex rate lightly twisted, the labellar margin callous, orien in an obtuse angle at the base; lip white, dotted with purple, yellow toward the base, ovate, 5 m g, 2.25 mm wide, the apex obtuse with a purple, midline callus, the base obtuse, hinged beneath; column red-purple, semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot 3 mm long including the 1 mm long, incurved extens
COLOMBIA: without locality, collected in the East- ern n Cordille ra by Herr Hubein, cultivated by B e . Ko
collection, cultivated at Colomborquideas, 25 Apr. 1988, C. Luer 13315 (MO)
This species, apparently uncommon and restricted to the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, is similar to M. schizantha, but it is distinguished from the latter by much narrower leaves; the concave, cucullate blade of the dorsal sepal that is similar to that of the much smaller flower of M. ludibunda, and much shorter tails. The petals are oblong with an obtuse basal angle, and the lip is ovate.
872 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Plate 441. Masdevallia pileata
Ge Ee ee en Le rey, re ee eee!
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 873 Masdevallia polychroma Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 72: 113,
Ety.: From the Greek polychroma, “of many colors,”’ referring to the colorful, little flower.
Plant small, —_ so roots slender. Armin ee ein blackish, 8-11 mm long,
enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 4-6.5 ong including the petiole 1-2 cm long, the blade elliptical, oe & 3-1.6 cm wide, ase hoy eo the blackish petiole. Inflor- escence a solitary flower borne by a slender, t le 4.5 cm long, with a bract near
. from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 8 mm long; pedicel 10 m sa ng; ovary 5 mm long; sepals pai son ps the dorsal — light golden yellow, minutely red-cellular-papillose within, obovate,
ong, 10 mm wide, co’ to the | gaping, sepaline cup,
wee son rounded, a uptly cacaunal into an erect, slender, yellow-green tail 3m th tbe lateral ee — rose, suffused with rose oe the veins, broadly « ovate, oblique, 13 mm long, wide,
at m, the apices oblique, obtuse, , yellow-green tails similar to that of the Saal shale petals white, cartilaginous, more or less oblong, 5 mm long, 1.75-2.75 mm wide, the _— acute, the labellar margin with a thick, longitudinal winglike carina, produc —. a large, sete retro process above the base; lip rose, dotted with purple, elliptical- -oblon ng, 5 mi .75 mm wide, the apex subtruncate, with a small, marginal callus, the disc with an indistinct site pe jongitudinal calli, _ base rounded, eaen beneath; ¢ col umn = te, euchaied with purple along the margins, semiterete, long, the foot 3 m lo
ECUADOR: Without collection data, obtained from José Portilla collector, cultivated by J & L Orchids ; 498-559, 16 Apr. 1998, C. Luer 1879] (Holotype: c MO).
This species with multicolored flowers of subsection Caudatae is another allied to M. xanthina and its relatives. It is charac- terized by the small habit, and a flower with a shallow, gaping, long-tailed, sepa- line cup. It is distinguished from all other members by the golden yellow dorsal sepal studded with red cells within; light rose lateral sepals with darker rose veins; acute petals with a large, thick, retrorse tooth; and a rose, oblong lip with a minute marginal callus at the broad apex.
876 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Plate 443, Masdevallia prodigiosa
Se, ee
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 875 Masdevallia prodigiosa Kéniger, Die Orchidee 30: 195, 1979; emend. 36: 87, 1985.
Ety.: From the Latin prodigiosus, “strange, wonderful,” in allusion to qualities of the flower.
Plant small to medium in siz lender. Ramicauls ye slender, erect, 8-18 mm long, enclosed by 2- 3 See me Leaf erect, coriaceous, 5-7 cm long incl sy i petiole 1-2 cm long, the blade elliptical-obovate, obtuse to rounded at the apex, 1.2-2. rs cm wide, the b cuneate into = petiole. —- orescence a iit showy flower borne by a more or less horizontal, slen caul; floral bract
nder peduncle 2.5-5.5 cm long, with a bract near the base, from low on the rami lar, 8-12 mm tae sedi ce 17 mm al. ovary sash brown, + 6 mm long; sepals yellow-orange, glabrous, the dorsal sepal ovoid, wt concave, cu , 24m ra)
mm wide unexpanded, with the apical margin transverse, abruptly produced into a slender, gone orange tail 3.5-5.5 cm long, connate to the lateral sepals for 5 mm to form a gaping, — ne cup, the lateral sepals connate 10 mm into a transversely suborbicular, reflexed lamina, 14 mm long, 20 mm wide, the transverse apices contracted into prnains reflexed, orange tails 3.5-6 cm long; petals yellow, subovate-triangular, 5 mm long, 1.75 mm wide above the mi ddle, 3 5 ma isenp on ineagaal the base, the apex
oblique, truncate, microscopically regula the labellar
a thick, broad, obt mse paneess ween the bas aes yellow, thin, net, ovate, 3. 5 mm ca 3.75 mm wide, slightly with minutely erose margi ns, the apex obtuse 0 or narrowly rounded, with a al dark, midline callus, the disc featureless, d, narrowly hinged beneath; column light rose, flecked with purple and with purple a semiterete, longitudi- nally winged, 5 mm long, the foot thick, 1.5 mm long, with a short, incurved extens
PERU: Amazonas: Prov. of Bongara, es emg = a eh alt. 2000 m, 2 Aug. 1978, W. Koniger, H. Kéniger, B. Wiirstle, J. Niece et al. K-3b listen SEL: Tonos es: K, M, USM, W,
alt. 2100 m, Aug. 1979, W. Kéniger, H. Konig al. K-29b (SEL, Herb. H. KKeniyen),
This spectacular species is apparently endemic in forests of Amazonian Peru where it was reportedly not rare before clearing of the forests increased in intensi- ty. The brilliant, pure yellow to deep orange flowers are borne on horizontal peduncles, but the flowers face outwards, nevertheless. The dorsal sepal is deeply cucullate above the erect lip. The lateral sepals are connate into a transverse, convex lamina below. All three slender tails are acutely reflexed.
878 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
A
dl we - ae
Plate 444. Masdevallia purpurella
OD eee eee eee le ee = i
Se eae ee a ee
—
a
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 877
~~ purpurella Luer & Escobar, Orquideologia 15: 136, 1982. . From the Latin purpurellus, a diminutive of “‘purple,”’ referring to the small, purple flowers. se small, bw caespitose; roots slender. arenes slender, erect, blackish, 5-10 mm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 4-6 cm long including the petiole 1.5- 2 cm long, the sie cece obtuse, 1.7-1.7 cm wide, cuneate below w into the slender petiole. Inflores- ith a bract near
ish toward the — a ing m long, 8 mm wide expande ib connate = — lateral sepals fi an erect, slender,
the apices acute, contracted into slender tails similar to that of the dorsal sepal; petals white, oblong, 5 mm long, 1.25-2.5 mm ‘eae eos ae obtuse, minutely I lobulate, the — _— with a thick, longi- tudinal carina, produced i oa white, dotted with pink, oblong- elliptical, 4.5 mm 2 ang “ce mm wide, the apex round with a cot mane callus, the base rounded, hinged beneath; column white, suffused with pink, semiterete, 4.5 mm long, the foot 3 mm long with an incurved extension.
COLOMBIA: Santander: Charal4, near Virolin, alt. 2200-2600 m, collected by E. Guevara, 1974, culti- / vated by M. & O. Robledo at La Ceja, R. Escobar i 1469 (Holotype: JAUM; Isotype: SEL); same collec- tion, cultivated by M. & O i ee at La Ceja, 28 Sept. 1977, C. Luer 1859 (SEL). aca: Charala,
(AMES, MO, SEL); same collection, cultivated at Colomborquideas, 22 Mar. 1989, C. Luer 14360 (MO).
This prettily colored little species is known from only one locality in the East- ern Cordillera of Colombia where it is locally abundant. It is similar to M. caudata and its relatives, but distinguished from them by the much smaller size and non-striped, purple flowers. It is most similar to M. nivea, but distinguished from it by the colorful, more deeply connate sepals with flowers borne by shorter peduncles.
Masdevallia purpurella is character- ized by the small habit with small, purple flowers borne among the leaves by short peduncles. The dorsal sepal is deeply concave and rounded while the lateral sepals are ovate and acute. Each petal bears a thick, obtuse, retrorse process at the base. The lip is simply oblong.
880 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Plate 445. Masdevallia renzii
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 879
Big i renzii Luer, Lindleyana 10: 232, 1995. amed in honor of the late Dr. Jany Renz of Basel, Switzerland, who collected this species.
Plant small, pti caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, blackish, 8-9 mm long, enclosed by 2-3 tub sheaths. Leaf erect, a 27-32 mm long including a black petiole ca. 5 mm long, the blade ete obtuse, ™ iim wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a solitary flower borne by a slender le 4 cm long, with a bract near east me from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 6 m m long: pedicel 6 mm long; ovary pitted, 3-4 ong; sepals whitish, diffusely speckled or flecked with purple, euro the margin se Sanat erose, the dorsal sepal obovate- ie ego. hong concave, 12 mm long, 8 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 2 — to form a w, gaping, sepaline cup, the roun ase apex contracted into an erect, light yellow-green tai 2cm sche ay lateral sepals blackish at the base, oblong, abligus, 2 mm n long, 6 om wide, = : mm, forming a mentum with the + Sang om the apices obtus o that of the dorsal sepal; petals white, suboblong, 5 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, the apex obtusely ctalhastaanaia the labellar margin with a longitudinal, winglike carina, produced into a — rounded, incurved f SS above the shortly unguiculate base; lip white, flecked with , elliptical d
and contracted above the base, 4.5 mm long, 2.6 mm wide, the: apex suffused with blackish emai: narrowly rounded, with a small, black callus at the margin, th
suffused and mottled with tie deat toward the : apex, semiterete, 4.5 mm long, the foot 2.5 mm long with a long, incurved extensi
COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: between Une and Gutierrez, Rio Sanane Valley, alt. 2400 m, 8 July 1955, J. Renz 846] (Holotype: BAS), C. Luer illustr. f 17736.
This species is one of the smallest of subsection Caudatae, the other small white ones being M. nivea, also from the Eastern Cordillera, and M. bottae from southern Ecuador. Masdevallia renzii was discovered Dr. Jany Renz in the mountains south of Bogota, where it is apparently endemic.
Masdevallia renzii is distinguished from the great number of variable taxa similar to M. xanthina by its small stature, small flowers diffusely speckled with purple, short sepaline tails about two centimeters long, and an elliptical lip that is narrowed both just below the black- tipped apex and just above the base. It is held exposed and erect in the flower by a long, incurved extension of the column-
oot
ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
882
Plate 446. Masdevallia replicata
a
xe
ee fh
ee he tee ee Sik
:
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 881
ee replicata Kéniger, Die Orchidee 36: 82, 1985. From the Latin replicatus, ‘‘folded back,”’ referring to the reflexed apex of the lip.
nt medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 2.5-4.5 ¢ long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 8-11 cm long sachading the petiole 2-3 cm long, ie blade intina. obtuse, 2-2.5 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Ee oom a oa flower, borne by a slender, erect gona 12-15 cm long, with a bract above me aie * pn low a micaul; floral pees tubular, 15-18 mm long; pedicel 20 mm long; ovary m lon ae pals pale yellow, flecked and dotted with SF smeie lightly verrucose within, the
blade _ oy ie oat elliptical-obovate, ais the sides reflexed below the middle, 30 mm long, 13 wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 3 mm to form a widely exposed, sepaline cup, the apex obtuse, contracted into a slender, erect, purple tail 6-7 cm long, the lateral sepals ra OF pete ene at ra
base, ovate, lg 28 mm long, 12 mm — connate 9 mm t 0 form a convex j n bet twee two lateral sepals, the apices acute, cont imilar to ace of petals white with a few | purple iain, ovate, 6.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide above the base, the apex
oblique, obtuse, bilobulate, the labellar margin with a broad, longitudinal ae ending in a thick, in- curved above the base; lip yellow, flecked with purple-brown, transv rsely obo vate, wis on ngs
4.5 mm wide, the apex broadly truncate, revolute, the d thicken id h thin, broadly rounded, the base subcordate-truncate, hinged below: column peensh white, dotted with purple, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot 4 mm long with the slender, incurved extensi
PERU: Amazonas: Luya, near Pisuquia, alt. 2500 m, §=-————
1982, collected by J. Meza T. s.n. (Holotype: M):
same collection, cultivated by W. Koniger in Munich, wf Germany, 29 Aug. 1982, C. Luer 8124 (MO, SEL).
This species is apparently endemic in the forests of northern Peru where it is known only from the original collection. With the large, widely expanded, long- tailed flower, it is superficially similar to M. wurdackii, also found in northern Peru The sepals of M. replicata are yellowish white and flecked with red, while the lip stands erect in the center of the flower. The lip is red-flecked and transversely obovate with the broad apex revolute.
ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
884
Plate 447. Masdevallia rhinophora
q
EE Eee TT Toe
se [Wi gel
oe ee eS ee ee ee
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 883
Masdevallia rhinophora Luer & Escobar, Lindleyana 10: 126, 1
Ety.: From the Greek rhinophorus, “‘bearing a nose,” in allusion to the apical callus of the lip.
Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, ecnagsn blackish, 1.5-2 cm long, eerie y 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 7-10 cm long including the petiole 2-3.5 cm ide the blade elliptical-obovate, obtuse to rounded at the evi 1.8-2.2 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a single flower produced by a slender, suberect peduncle 6-7.5 cm long, with a bract = sha base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 12 mm long; pedicel 15 mm long; ovary 6 mm long; sepals glabrous, white, suffused with rose, the dorsal sepal oblong, carinate, concave, se 13 mm long, 8 mm wide expanded, 5-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 2 mm to form a gaping sepaline cup, the apex rounded, c peer a stout, yellow- ish, forwardly directed _ 3 cm long, _ te i oblong-ovate, oblique, 15 mm long, 8 mm wide,
connate basally for m, the apices obtuse, contracted into tails similar to that - . dorsal sepal; tals white, = fide obli ique, 4.5 mm ae ng, me 5 mm wide, the truncate apex shallowly lobulate, the Iebelisr margin with a a eae callus hig in a thickened, obtuse, basal angle; lip white, oblong, m long, 2 mm wide, the apex brown, truncate, shallowly concave, with a protruding, central, marginal callus, the disc ict Sulcies eae na low pair of parallel calli, the base rounded, hinged beneath; column white, stout, semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot 2 mm long, with an incurved pavwie.
COLOMBIA: Norte de Santander: Alto de Santa Inéz, alt. 2100 m, collected May 1982 by R. Escobar, D. Portillo, J. and C. Luer, cultivated at Colombor- quideas, 16 May 1993, C. Luer 16879 (Holotype: MO). Without locality, cultivated at Colomborqui- deas, 26 Apr. 1997, R. Escobar 8334 (MO).
This species, known from a single collection, is apparently endemic in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. It has been cultivated at Colomborquideas with the identification of M. ludibunda, but with some reservations because it differed in several respects from other plants that were considered to be M. ludibunda.
This species does indeed most closely resemble M. ludibunda, but it is distin- guished from the latter by the larger flow- ers with a broader, five-veined dorsal sepal; proportionately shorter peduncles that bear the flowers not higher than the leaves; and a long, apical callus of the lip that protrudes beyond the non-recurved margin
886 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Plate 449. Masdevallia rufescens
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 885
Masdevallia rufescens K6niger, Die Orchidee 37: 110, 1986. Ety.: From the Latin rufescens, ‘‘becoming reddish,” referring to the color of the sepals. Syn.: Masdevallia neglecta Koniger, on pes 42: 8, 1991. Ety.: From the Latin neglectus, ‘‘neglec ht i iti
re o o
Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, aires roots slender. Ramicaul blackish, slender, erect, 0.5-1 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheat erect, coriaceous, dark ie petiolate, 3-6 cm long including the petiole 1-2 cm long, the blade elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 1-2 cm wide, cuneate
T peduncle 2.5-4 cm long, with a bract near the base, from low on the ramicaul; flo pedicel 11-14 mm long; ovary 5-6 mm long; sepals light yellow or light green, suffused with red along the veins and at the base, carinate, cellular-glandular within, the dorsal sepal suborbicular, concave above the middle, 13-14 mm long, 11-12 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 3-4 mm to form a shallow gaping cup, the apex rounded, abruptly contracted into a slender, reflexed, yellowish tail 2.5 cm long, the ee sepals elliptical, 14 mm lo aris eae m wide, connate 6-7 mm, the rounded apices contracted 0 tails similar to that of the dorsa aI; petal yellow aiie, more or less oblong, 4 mm long, 1.5 mm vide, the truncate apex notched pce on the labellar margin with a longitudinal callus ending in a broad obtuse, retrorse process at ‘the base; lip white, dotted with brown or ones elliptical, 4-5 mm long, 2.75-3 mm wide, the thin margins minutely apex rounded with a midline callus, the disc convex below the sadn, the base . loosely and eee hinged beneath to the column- foot; column yellow-white with purple dots and margin, sora ete, 3.5-4 mm long, the foot 1 mm long with a slender, incurved extension
PERU: Amazonas: without locality, collected by J. Meza, 1984, ee: in Munich, 2 Dec. 1985, W. pe sage 28 (Holotype: M); same collection, cultivat- ed by ig nari in Munich, Germany, 23 Sept. 1985, CG. Luer 11409 (MO); without locality, collect- ed by J. Meza, 1984, cultivated in Munich, 2 ne 1990, W. mpg henge eo ‘shen neglec M, isotypes K, U er); same collection, pe emt by —“] pee in “Munich, Germany, 25 Oct. 1985, C. Luer 11448 (M
A '
forest above Nu = npr “se ed by B. Malo, culti- vated at bic 25 May 1988, C. Luer 13687 (MO), between Loja and sn collected by A. Andreetta, en at Paute, Aug. 1990, A. Hirtz 5029 (MO); above Zumba, alt. 1800 m, J. Portilla 1118 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 19369.
Only two plants of this species were collected at the same time in the same locality by Jorge Meza in northern Peru and cultivated by W. K6niger in Germany. One was described in 1986 as M. rufes- cens, and the second with more deeply connate lateral sepals was described in 1991 as M. neglecta. Although apparently rare in northern Peru, this somewhat variable species occurs rather frequently in Cloud forests of southern Ecuador. It is distinguished by light yellow or green sepals suffused with rusty red. The sepals are obtuse with the dorsal concave. The Process at the base of the petals thick and variable. The lip is elliptical with thin lateral margins and a distinct apical callus.
Plate 448. Masdevallia rufescens
ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Plate 450. Masdevallia sanctae-inesiae
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 887
ge ernie sanctae-inesiae Luer & Malo, Phytologia 39: 228, 1978.
.: Named for the orchid finca Santa Ines of Benigno Malo near Tarqui south of Cuenca.
Plants small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, blackish, 8- 15 en long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 6-14 cm long including a petiole 2-3 cm long, = blade elliptical, a to obtuse, 1.5-3 cm wide, cuneate below into the pe- sons base. Inflorescence a solitary, showy flower borne by a slender, suberect peduncle 2.5-3 cm long, with a bract near oor toa from ey on the wishes floral bract 6-8 mm long; pedicel 7-9 mm long; ovary 5 mm long; dorsal sepal translucent oe veined in yellow or green, suborbicular, 15 mm long, 15 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 8 mm to form a broad, shallow, sepaline cup, the rounded apex abruptly contracted into a slender, erect, greenish oran a tail 3-3.5 cm long; lateral se; greenish white with an area of light orange mi n on the inner halves, suborbicular a seeps ovate, oblique, 12 mm long, 12 mm ai connate for 8 mm, the rounded aiieod abruptly nto tails similar to that of the dorsal sepal; petals. greenish white, more or less oblong, 6 mm long, 3 mm me the truncate apex tridentate, the labellar margin with a longitudinal, callous wing ending in a broad, triangu- lar, acute tooth just above the base, the base oblique; lip erect, yellow-green, becoming orange toward the apex, oblong-subquadrate, 6 mm long, 5 mm wide, the broadly truncate apex nnehuad in deep purple, with a small midline callus, sides undulate, the base with a pair of low, rounded calli, hinged beneath; column greenish white with purple margins, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot nearly as long, with a slender, incurved extension.
ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: epiphytic on the eastern slopes of the Andes in the southern part of the province, alt. 2500 m, May 1973, collected by B. Malo, cultivated at Finca Santa Ines near Tarqui south of Cuenca, 11 July 1977, C. Luer 1686 (Holo-
A. Andreetta & M. Portilla, cultivated at Paute, 24 May 1988, C. Luer 13660 (MO).
This uncommon species is endemic in southeastern Ecuador where it was first collected by Benigno Malo of Cuenca, Ecuador. The pretty, solitary flower is recognized by the widely spread but deeply connate, rounded, greenish white sepals with a conspicuous suffusion of orange on the inner halves of the lateral sepals. In the center of the flower the broadly subquadrate lip stands erect and €xposed along with the petals and column.
890 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Plate 451. Masdevallia schizantha
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 889
Masdevallia schizantha Kraenzl., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem . 134, 1922.
Ety.: From the Greek schizanthos, ‘ ‘acleft flower,” referring to the free dorsal sepa
Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls blackish, slender, erect, | -2 cm ark enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 5-9 cm long including slender petiole 1.5-3 cm long, the blade elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 1.5- 2, 3 cm wide, the base pat into the petiole. Inflorescence a y flower borne by a slender, erect peduncle 4-7 cm long, with a bract near the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 7-10 mm long; pedicel 10-13 mm long; ovary 5-8 mm long; sepals greenish white, glabrous, the dorsal sepal erect, elliptical-obovate, concave toward the apex, the sides reflexed below the middle, 27 mm long, 15 mm wide, connate to -
lateral sepals for 4 mm to form a widespread, shallow cup, the rounded apex abruptly contracted into = oe light Hea = a a hie A cm long, the lateral sepals deflexed, oblong, 41 mm long, 10 mm e3m mn-foot, with a small dark spot at the base, the apices ssp to
ohh praetienar into ae oo similar to that of the dorsal sepal; petals white, oblong, 5 m
base; lip erect, yellow, minutely dotted with purple, oblong, 4.5 mm long, 2.75 mm wide, the apex
broadly rounded with a dark purple, midline, marginal callus, the disc with a low pair of longitudinal
nie the base subcordate, hinged ponte a white, marked with purple, semiterete, 4 mm long, e foot 3 mm long with an incurved exten
COLOMBIA: Norte de Santander: Pico Diamanta,
(Holotype of M. schizantha destroyed at B); cloud forest, Alto de Santa Inés, alt. 2100 m, 13 May 1984, Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & E. Valencia 10327 i of M. schizantha here designated: MO); area, 24 May 1982, C. Luer R. Escobar & D. Portifte 7961 (SEL).
In 1922, Kranzlin described as M. schizantha, a 43-year-old collection by Kalbreyer from an area now in the de- partment of Santander del Norte in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. Unfor- tunately, most of Kalbreyer’s collections were destroyed at B (the Berlin-Dahlem herbarium), so the positive identification of this species is not possible. Neverthe- less, recent collections from a nearby area answer Krinzlin’s description.
Vegetatively similar to numerous other Telated species, this species is distin- guished by the large, greenish white flower with widely spread sepals with rounded apices abruptly contracted into exceptionally long, slender tails. It is superficially similar to the colorful M. setacea from southern Ecuador and adjacent
eru, which is distinguished by acute, acuminate lateral sepals.
ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
892
schmidt-mummii
Ti
Plate 452. Masde
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 891
Masdevallia schmidt-mummii Luer & Escobar, Orquideologia 13: 96, 1978. Ety: Named in honor of Dr. Helmuth Schmidt-Mumm of Bogota, Colombia, who introduced this species into cultivation.
Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-4.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubu lar sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 9-15 cm long including the petiole 2-3 cm long, ute a i
pe orescence a showy, solitary flower, borne by a slender, suberect peduncl 11 cm long, with a bract below the middle, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 10 mm long; pedicel 10 mm long; ovary 5-6 mm long; sepals greenish white, dotted with purple, glabrous, the do ovate,
concave, 20 mm long, 13 mm wide unexpanded, connate to the lateral sepals for 5-6 mm to form a shal- low, gaping, sepaline cup, the apex obtuse, contracted into a forwardly directed to deflexed, slender, purple tail 3-4 cm long, more or less thickened terminally, the lateral sepals yellow toward the base mottled with purple at the apex, narrowly falcate-ovate, ca. 20 mm long, 9 mm wide, connate 5 mm, into a short mentum behind a transverse fold, the falcate free portions attenuated into slender, reflexed, iets rt ca. 5 cm long; petals yellow-white, marked with purple, pei aa al mm long, 3.5
wide, unevenly tridentate at the apex, the labellar margin with a broadly roun ongitudinal callus ie in an as retrorse process at the “abi lip red-purple, erect in ite natural one cuneate- oblong, arcuate, 7 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, the apex obtuse, recurved, with a small, _— 1 —_ callus, the disc shallowly sulcate between two low, longitudinal calli, the base narrow beordat thickened, hinged beneath; — white, dotted with purple, semiterete, 5 mm long, . in pe long, with an incurved extensio
COLOMBIA: Santander: Charald, Péramo de la
cultivated at Colomborquideas, 17 Apr. 1988, C. Luer 13228 (MO).
This species, apparently endemic ina limited area in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, had been in cultivation by Helmuth Schmidt-Mumm in Bogota at least ten years before the formal descrip- tion. Although not vegetatively distinct, the flowers are easily distinguished by the long slender, crossed tails of the lateral sepals. The tail of the dorsal sepal curves forward and downward. The sepals are white, variously dotted and mottled with purple, the pale, colorless variations out- numbering the more colorful forms.
894 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Plate 453. Masdevallia setacea
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 893
Masdevallia setacea Luer & Malo, Selbyana 2: 379, 1978. Ety.: From the Latin setaceus, “bearing bristles,” referring to the three long tails of the sepals.
dium in size, epiphytic, le es roots slender. Ramicauls blackish, slender, erect, 1-1.5 cm cae Cocinnss by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, peng “Sing with black, coriaceous, pe- tiolate, 5-9 cm long including the slender, re petiole 2-3 cm long, the blade elliptical, obtuse, 1.5- 2.5 cm wide, the base cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence a i flower borne by a hes erect peduncle 6-9 cm long, with a bract near the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 10 m long; pedicel 18-20 mm long; ovary 6 mm long; sepals orange to yellow-green, suffused Lane nef : purple, microscopically cellular-glandular within, the dorsal “—_ erect, ee concave apex, the sides reflexed below the middle, 25-30 mm long, 12 mm wide, connate to the lat = sere ra 5 mm to form a widespread, shallow cup, the rounded apex Sanity contac int an sie ey nee os orange tail 6-7 cm long, the lateral sepals de deflexed, oblong, 22-27 c
ate 5 mm beneath the column-foot, the acute apices acuminate into tails outta to that of tn dnenat pene met white, marked with purple, oblong, 6 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, narrowed apically into an = truncate-retuse apex, the lower ye longitudinally callous cage ina _— a sees angle at the base; lip erect, rose, dotted with purple, oblong, 5.5 m ong, 2.5m apex round- ed with a dark purple, midline eeriny callus, the disc with a as pair of Anatesrra pe the | “ih narrowly subcordate, hinged bene ath; column white, marked with purple, semiterete, 4.5 mm long, the foot 3 mm long with an incurved extension.
ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: epiphytic in cloud forest on the slopes east of Cuenca, alt. 1700 m, April 1975, collected by B. Malo, cultivated at Tarqui near —— ati 1977, C. Luer 1658 (Holotype: SEL). hinchipe: sayires in cloud forest above Petit alt. 2000 m, 18 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrém, T. Héijer, J. Kua & D. D’Alessandro 9597 (MO). PERU: San Martin: Venceremos, alt. 1600 lected by C. sen eo~ES by J&L ee. Easton, CT., 10 Dec. 1988, C. Luer 13818 (MO). Amazonas: icneee Pomacochas, alt. 2200 m, 20 June 1991, M. Arias S. 001 (MO)
The species is uncommon but widely distributed in southeastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru. Vegetatively similar to many other related species with blackish stems, this graceful species is easily recognized by the large but slender, long- tailed flower. The sepals are light yellow- ish or greenish and variously suffused with rose, and in extreme cases, the sepals are totally purple. The dorsal sepal with its cucullate apex and tail stands erect while the narrow lateral sepals are deflexed below with long-acuminate apices. The petals are narrowed into an oblong, apical segment beyond the callous, lower margin. The lip is simply oblong.
The similarly long-tailed M. schizantha from the Eastern Cordillera of Colom- bia, is distinguished by greenish white flowers and obtuse, lateral sepals contracted into tails instead of being acute and acuminate.
896
ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Plate 454. Masdevallia triangularis
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 895
ag 4 triangularis Lindl., Orch. Linden. 5, 1846.
m the Latin triangularis, “triangular,” referring to the shape of the sepals.
Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, blackish, 2-3 cm long, cneltecd by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, pape » Pecolate, 6-12 cm long including the blackish petiole 2- 3 cm long, the blade a oval 1.5-3 cm wide, the base narrowly cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescenc Se sit borne by an ‘erect, slender peduncle 6-
12 cm long, with a bract near the base, from ae on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular 8-11 mm long; pedicel 8-11 mm long; ovary 6-7 mm long; sepals yellow, siete ce dotted with red within, ~ the dorsal sepal ovate, 18-23 mm long, 10-13 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 7-9 mm to form a widely spread, flat flower, the apex subacute, contracted into a slender, purplish tail 3-4.5 cm si the a i a rte 15-23 mm long, 10-14 mm wide, connate 5 mm, the acute to subacute apices
ontrac o tails similar to that of the dorsal sepal; petals white, oblong, 5 mm long, 2 mm wide, th teats ex tridentate, the labellar margin with a thick carina terminating above the base in a thick, trorse tooth; lip thin, light yellow, marked with purple, obcuneate-obovate, 4 mm long, 3 =e wide, the apex denticulate, narrowed and deflexed, with a ee pieeecers callus, the b rdate o rounded, aes beneath; column white terete, 4.5 mm long, the foot 3 mm
a
&
VENEZUELA: Mérida: Quebrada of Marmuquena near Bailadores, alt. 4,800 ft., 1843, J. Linden 1471 (Holotype: K, Isotypes: BM, BR, G, W); “Caracas,” ge J. Linden 150 (G, P, W); ‘‘Caracas,” alt. 6,000 , 1853, H. Wagener 130, 131 (W); Carabobo, alt. 1300 ft., June 1846, L. Schlim 68] (BR, K, LD, G, K, LE, P, W); Fendler 137] (AMES, K). Aragua:
a 9514 (BAS); Iribarren, alt. 500 m, 11 Aug. | lascio & G.C.K.
alt. 8,500 ft, June 1848, L. Schlim 1704 (K, LE):
chased by Zeller from E. Valencia, cultivated ake
K6niger in Munich, 9 Aug. 1984, C. Luer sol CUADOR: Loja: epiphytic in cloud for on arque Nacional Podocarpus, alt. 1500 m, 1987,
collected by A. Andreetta & M. Portilla, nae at i 16 May 1988, C. Luer 13372 (MO).
This species occurs in the coastal mountains of Venezuela, the mountains of western Venezuela and adjacent Colombia, and southern Ecuador in the Parqué Nacional Podocarpus. It is closely related to M. instar from the nearby Cajanuma mountains and northern Peru. Where populations of the two grow in proximity, flowers with intermediate characters have been seen.
Masdevallia triangularis is easily distinguished by the widely spread, flat flower with the angles between the sepals obtuse instead of acute as in M. instar. The apices of the lateral sepals are acute instead of subacute, and there is nO prominent secondary mentum. The lip has a narrow, apical segment, or lobe, that is denticu- late and acutely iat This lobe is clearly sketched on the type-sheet. It is absent in M. insta
The photo identified as M. triangularis in the American Orchid Society Bulletin, Feb. 1964, page 116, is M. discolor.
898 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Plate 456. Masdevallia triangularis
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 897
Plate 455. Masdevallia triangularis
ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
902
5 mm
Plate 458. Masdevallia valenciae
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 899
Masdevallia tricallosa K6niger, Die Orchidee 42: 10, 1991. Ety.: From the Latin tricallosus, “with three calli,” referring to the lip.
t medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls blackish, erect, ae 1-2
ese enclosed by 2-3 close, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, long-petiolate, 4-6.5 cm long
includin ng the petiole 1.5-2.5 cm long, the blade elliptical, obtuse, 1.3-2 cm wide, cuneate below into the : : . z
long; ovary greenish white, 5 mm long; sepals light yllow-en, glabrous se a microscopically aan within, the dorsal isa with a _ red, midvein, obovate, concave, 17 mm long, 10 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 4 mm to sc Gena “widely spread, sepal ine > CUP, the apex aan, contracted into a slender, erect, yellow- acta m tail 5 cm} red at the base, connate 3 ain 15 mm long, 10 mm wide, the apices acute, contracted ni tails ‘similar to that of the dorsal sepal; petals white, irregularly oblong, 6 mm long, | mm wide n e apex, 2.5 mm wide below the middle, Lane apex sharply tridentate the labellar margin with a eatin! aa ending ina broad lip greenish white, oblong-subpanduriform, 5.75 mm long, 2.75 mm wide, the = truncate, with 3 dark purple calli, the disc thickened below vit middle, the base subcordate, hinged below; column greenish white, dotted with purple, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot with the slender, see extension 5 mm lon
PERU: Amazonas: Bongara, between Chachapoyas = ag gene alt. 2000 m, 2 Aug. 1978, W. H. Kéniger et al. K- 3m (Holotype: M;
i. K, SEL, USM, W); same collection, culti- vated by W. K6niger in Mun ich, Germany, 19 Sept. oan C. Luer 6499 (SEL); same collection, cultivat- y W. Koniger, 25 Oct. 1985, C. Luer 6499 (MO).
This species is endemic in the forests of northern Peru where it is known only from the original collection. It is charac- terized by the medium-sized habit with long-petiolate leaves and a medium-sized, widely spread, light yellow-green, long- tailed flower held as high as the leaves. The erect lip with three, conspicuous, dark purple calli at the apex stands exposed in the center of the flower.
904 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Plate 459, Masdevallia venatoria
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 901
Masdevallia valenciae Luer & Escobar, Orquideologia 16(3): 36, 1986. Ety.: Named in honor of Eladio Valencia of Medellin, Colombia, who discovered this species.
Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls blackish, erect, slender, 1.5-2.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 8-13 cm long including the blackish petiole 2-4.5 cm long, the blade elliptical-obovate, subacute, 1.7-2.3 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a solitary flower, borne had : slender, erect to suberect peduncle 3.5-4 cm long, with a ~~ near the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 8 mm long; pedicel 9 mm long; ovary m long; sepals glabrous, the tests pore white with 5 rose veins,
gaping, sepaline cup, the margins erose near the junction, the rounded apex
erect, slender, — tail 24 mm long, the lateral sepals yellow ri diffusely pe ie ey a pans except for the margins, and deep purple at the basal union to the column-foot, suborbicular, 9 mm long, 8 mm wide, co sia 3 mm to form a shallow mentum below the column-foot, the rounded apices contract- ed into slender, yellow tails 23 mm long; petals white, more or less oblong, 5 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, the truncate apex lag in the labellar — with a well-developed, longitudinal, winglike carina, terminating in a thick, obtuse, retrorse process above the broadly chanicaiets be base; lip erect, white, odes with purple a the middle, oblong, 5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the apex rounded with a tall, midline callus, the disc with a low pair of longitudinal calli, the base subcordate, hinged beneath; column white, with a purple margin, semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot 1.5 mm long, with an equally long incurved extension.
COLOMBIA: Norte de Santander: epiphytic in
cloud forest north of Villacaro, alt. 2900 m, collect-
ed by E. Valencia, R. Escobar, C. & J. Luer, 11 May
ites cultivated at Colomborquideas 9 May 1985, C. r 11309 (Holotype: JAUM; Isotype: MO).
This species was first collected without flowers by Eladio Valencia during a trip to the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia in 1984 with Rodrigo Escobar and Jane and Carl Luer. A year later the collected plants began to flower in cultivation at Colomborquideas. It was thought that they had been collected near Alto de San Francisco at 2900 meters above sea level, but subsequent collections at a lower alti- tude of 2050 meters at Alto de Santa Inés, about 150 kilometers to the southeast, indicate that the original report was prob- ably in error. Masdevallia valenciae grows sympatrically with M. odontocera and M. schizantha.
Masdevallia valenciae is related to M. caudata and its affinities, but it is easily distinguished by the smaller flowers, a white dorsal sepal with red veins, red-purple lateral sepals, and a tall, midline callus near the apex of the lip.
ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Plate 460. Masdevallia vexillifera
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 903
Masdevallia venatoria Luer & Malo, Phytologia 54: 384, 1983.
Ety.: From the Latin venatorius, ‘of or belonging to the hunter,”’ in dedication to all who look for orchids.
Plant Oe, tin a8 caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls blackish, slender, 0.5-1 cm long, en- closed by 2 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, capa nici 3- a cm haitiy’ incloding the petiole 0. 8-1 5 cm long, the blade elliptical, obtuse, 1-1.7 cm wide, the base cuneate into the mor € OF
orescence a solitary fl borne b suberect peduncle 2-2.5 em long, with a bract near the base,
n
ate tracted into a slender, orange tail 16 mm long, the lateral sepals red on the lower third turning to red- orange on be middle third and light red-orange on the distal third, oblong, 18 mm long, 10 mm wide, more or less reflexed, connate for 6 mm to form a shallow mentum, the apices obtuse, oblique, contract-
wide, the truncate apex shallowly bilobed, with a carina along the labellar margin ending in a short, obtuse tooth ra e the base; lip yellow, dotted with purple, elliptical, 6 mm long, 2.75 mm wide, the apex rounded vis a small, marginal, purple callus, the base truncate, hinged beneath; column white, marked with purple on the margins, eatin 5 mm long, the foot with a slender, incurved extension 2 mm long.
ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: ea in bree forest of the eastern slope of the mountain ran of the old trail from Loja to Samos alt. 2300 m, e°
W. Flores, A. Andreetta & C. Luer, cultivated by W. Teague in San Francisco, California, 1 Oct. 1988, W. Teague s.n. (MO); same area, alt. 2300 m, 21 Jan. 1999, collected by A. Hirtz, A. & P. Jesup, et al., cultivated in Quito, Oct. 1993, A. Hirtz s.n. (MO);
tween Loja and Zamora, alt. 2400 m, Feb. 1995, A. Hirtz 5944 (MO).
This rare species is apparently endemic in One mountain valley in southeastern Ecuador where it has been discovered on a few occasions. It grows in the company of many other orchids, and the following other species of the genus Masdevallia: M. anachaeta, M. citrinella, M. colossus, M. klabochiorum, M. norops, M. trochilus, M. tubulosa, and M. whiteana.
Masdevallia venatoria is distinguished from its allies in section Caudatae by the rounded dorsal sepal, oblong, red-orange lateral sepals, without a basal dark spot; petals with a marginal callus without an angled wing above the middle; and a narrowly elliptical lip.
908 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Plate 461. Masdevallia wuelfinghoffiana
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 905 Masdevallia vexillifera Luer, Sen NS 8: 58, 1993.
Ety.: From the Latin vexillifer, ““banner-bearing Jd hich ab the teat
Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls sar sey black, 0.5-1 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, dark green, 2-3.5 cm long including a blackish petiole ca. 0.5 cm long, the blade broadly elliptical, obtuse to aaa at the apex, 1.3-1.8cm wide, cuneate — nto = petiole. Inflorescence a single flower, oe y a Slender, erect peduncle 3-4 cm long, with a bract near the base, from near the base of ar. 1; floral bract seep ig mm long; pedicel 7 mm sey ovary 6 mm long; sepals pale flesh- no, ie erals suffused with rose lightly carinate, glabrous externally, ee papillose within with minutely erose margins, vs dorsal sepal obovate, concave, 18 mm long 10 mm m wide, connate to oe lateral sepals for 2 mm to form a gaping flower, the apex gone = tly slender, rose-colored tail 6 cm long, the lateral sepals reflexed, ov apr oy oblique, 16 mm ee 9 mm wide, connate 2 _— the apices contracted into slender tails Geis to that of the dorsal sepal; petals white, oblong, 4.5 mm wid wide, the apex capone a dentate, the labellar margin with a longitudinal wing, ee als from sly ea — ending in an obtuse, more or l white, e-pyri- for , thin, 5 mm long, 2.5 m , the apex obtus e, with a small, bar a ae os disc Caocticislor channeled “hen ween a ion ak an longitudinal calli, the base obtusely subcordate, hinged beneath; column white, su anne with red at the apex, semiterete, 3.5 mm long, the foot thick with a slender, heed extensi
PERU: San Martin: between Roija and Chacha- poyas, July 1991, cultivated at Hasselt, Belgium,
1991, P. Cloes 852025 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 16235.
This species is similar to M. xanthina and its relatives, but it is readily distin- guished from them by the erect, long- tailed, flesh-colored flowers held high above the small, dark green, broadly ellip- tical to rounded leaves. No “‘eye-spot”’ is present at the bases of the reflexed lateral sepals. The sepals are minutely papillose within. The dorsal sepal is shallowly concave and proportionately long above the proportionately short connation into the sepaline cup. The petals are irregular- ly dentate at the apex and they bear a longitudinal wing along the labellar Margin that becomes thick above the middle and terminates in an obtuse, more or less twisted process above the base. The lip is pyriform in outline and arcuate with a low pair of longitudinal calli.
ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
910
Plate 462. Masdevallia wurdackii
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 907
Masdevallia wuelfinghoffiana Luer & J.Portilla, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri. Bot. Gard. 76: 153, 1999. Ety.: Named for Rudolph Wiilfinghoff of Stuttgart, Germany.
Plan , epiphy slender, erect, 1-1.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, thc, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 4.5-6.5 cm long including the blackish petiole 2-2.5 cm long, the blade elliptical, obtuse to rounded at the apex, 1.7-2.2 cm wide, the base cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence a solitary flower borne by a nis gah se peduncle 5-6 cm long, with a bract at the base, from low on the — floral ar, 8 mm long; pedicel 11 mm long; ovary 5-6 mm long; sepals intense red-purple, microscop- ically aes within, the dorsal sepal erect, elliptical-obovate, flat to more or less convex, 18 mm — 13 mm wide, 5-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 3 mm to form a widespread, shallow cup, the rounded apex abruptly contracted into a suberect or reflexed, slender, yellow tail 4 cm long, the a sepa ie we with the sides recurved in the natural posi tion, 20 mm long, 13 mm wide, a shallow cavity beneath soa column-foot, the apices rounded, contracted into tails
t medium in size for the subsection, epiphyt xc
e6m slightly bite no that of the dorsal sepal; petals white with purple midvein, oblong, 4 mm long, 1.5 m wide, the si ae obscurely babes, the lower margin with a longitudinal syn popes in es bt ; lip erect, white, suffused — purple, elliptical, 4.5 mm long, 2.25 m
wid apex x obtuse, recurved, with a midline, marginal callus, the disc with a low pair - Fcialdieal calli on ve middle third, the base thickened, = ema ees beneath; column white, semiterete, 4 m long, the foot 2 mm long with a short exten
ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: between Loja and Zamora, alt. 1800 m, collected Oct. 1997 by Gilberto
erino, cultivated at Ecuagenera, Gualaceo Ecuador, Oct. 1999, J. Portilla 10 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 19243.
This species, apparently endemic in the famous, orchid-rich area between Loja and Zamora, is closely allied to M. xanthina and its close relatives, but it is immediate- ly distinguished by the intense, red-purple color of the sepals. It also differs with the dorsal sepal flat or convex instead of concave; and petals with the marginal callus ending in a short angle at the base instead of a thick, protruding process.
912
ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Plate 463. Masdevallia xanthina
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 909
Masdevallia wurdackii C. Schweinf., Fieldiana Bot. 33: 17, 1970. Ety.: Named in honor of John J. Wurdack, who first discovered this species.
Plant medium in size to large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls blackish, erect, slender, 2-5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 close, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, long-petiolate, 8-14 cm long including the petiole 2-5 cm long, the blade elliptical, obtuse, 1.8-3.5 cm wide, cuneate below into the slender petiole. Inflorescence a solitary flower, borne by a slender, has peduncle, 9-17 cm long, with a bract below the middle, a low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 10-20 m zai pedicel 20-25 mm long; ovary 6-7 mm 1 pasion light yellow-green, diffusely dotted with purple brown, glabrous, the dorsal sepal ease. concave, 33-40 mm long, 14-16 mm wide, connate to it lateral sepals for 5-6 mm to form a shallow witcls spread, sepaline cup, the apex rounded to obtuse, contracted into a slender, erect, yellow-green tail 7-9.5 cm long, the lateral sepals connate 3 mm, 30 mm
ong, 9-10 mm wide, the apices acute, contracted into a similar to that of the dorsal sepal; petals white, irregularly oblong, 6 mm long, 1.5 mm wide near the apex, 3.5 mm wide above the base, the apex narrowly truncate, shallowly tridentate, the labellar cna with a longitudinal callus ending in a broad, narrowly obtuse process pad the base: lip white, dotted w sal oblong. rae ae form, arcu arcuate, 8
cate between a low pair of calli above the middle, the base t d bel olumn white, dotted with purple, km 5.5 mm long, the foot 2 mm long, with a slender, incurved extension.
ERU: Amazonas: Bongard, southwest of Poma- cochas, alt. 2200-2400 m, 16 June 1962, J.J. Wur- dac meek Lal US); same area, alt. 2000 m,
ee: et al. K-3a (K, M, SEL, USM, W). Without locality, — by J. Meza, cultivated atJ & L
O n, CT, 9 Nov: 1977, C. Laer 2132 (SEL). Wit an t locality, collected by J. Meza, cultivated at Orquideologia, 18 Mar. 1989, C. Luer 14247 (MO)
This species is endemic in the forests of northern Peru where it is infrequent. It was first collected by John J. Wurdack in
62. Masdevallia wurdackii is character- ized by the long-petiolate leaves and a large, widely spread, light yellow-green, long-tailed flower diffusely dotted with purple and held as high as the leaves. As with other closely related species, the erect lip is exposed in the center of the flower.
914
ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
Plate 464. Masdevallia xanthina (Masdevallia pallida)
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 911 Masdevallia xanthina Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 13(1): 681, 1880.
Ety.: From the Greek xanthos, “yellow,” referring to the color of the flower
Syn.: Masdevallia estradae Rchb.f. var. xanthina (Rchb.f.) Veitch, Man. Orch. Pl. 5:42, 1889,
Syn.: Masdevallia xanthina var. pallida Woolward, Monogr. Genus roe t. 82, 1896.
Ety.: From the Latin pallidus, “pale,” referring to the whitish color of the flow
Syn.: Masdevallia pallida (Woolward) Luer, Selbyana 2: 377, 1978.
Syn.: Masdevallia xanthina Rchb.f. subsp. pallida (Woolward) Luer, Lindleyana 3: 64, 1988.
Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; Pane sle pad gas —— erect, slender, 1-2.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect to subere us, 3-8 cm a beri the petiole 1-3 cm long, the blade porte “obtuse to reaatia at the phan 1 rs 2 5 cm
wide, cuneate below into i slender petiole. Inflo areaacy sae tae 4-6 cm long, with a bract below the spshin ri from low on the ramicaul; floral b tubular, 9-10 mm long; ata 9-18 mm long; ovary 5- 7mm ong; sepals yellow, pale sea beg white,
with a dark purple spot at the base of th sepal erect, obovate, concave, 11-17 mm long, 8- 11mm wide, connate ‘to the lateral ' sepals os 3 mm to form a shallow, widely spread, sepaline cup, the apex rounded, abruptly contracted into an erect, slender tail 2.5-4.5 cm long, the lateral sepals elliptical, oblique, 10-12 mm long, 8-9 mm wide, connate 3-4 mm, to form a small mentum behind a transverse fold below the column-foot, the apices obtuse, contracted into slender tails similar to that of the dorsal sepal; petals white, more or less oblong, 4.75-5 mm long, 1.75-2 mm wide shows the base, s papen truncate, tridenticulate, the labellar margin witha peers longi- tudinal, winglik forming white ilecked with purple, elliptical-oblong, 45mm long, 2.5- 3 mm wide, the apex obtuse to chines a a dark purple, marginal callus, the base rounded, hinged beneath; column more or less greenish white, often marked with purple, semiterete, 3.5 mm long, the foot stout, with an incurved extensio!
COLOMBIA: without —— data, cultivated Apr. 1880 by Veitch 165 (Holotype: W). Antioquia: Rio 0 10, FC.
pigs 4287 (K, LE); Santa Elena above Medellin,
000 m, 10 Nov. 1884, F.C. Lehmann 4130 (G); abe collection data, Schmidtchen s.n. (W); Sillon, cultivated by M. & O. Robledo at La Ceja, 21 Jan. 1978, C. Luer 23/4 (SEL). Cauca: La Ceja in Tuz4, alt. 1700- 2200 m, F.C. Lehmann "6090 (A (AMES, K).
: 00 m,
Mar. 1992, S. Dalstrém 1939 (MO). ‘Im babura: epiphytic in wet forest between Carolina and Buenos Aires, alt. 1950 m, 17 Jan. 1987, C. Luer, J. Luer,A Hirtz et al. 12345 (MO); same area, collected by A. irtz & A. Andreetta, cultivated at Paute, 16 May 1988, C. Luer 13374 (MO). Napo : epiphytic near El Chaco, alt. 1500 m, collected baa A. Hirtz, cultivated in Quito, 26 Feb. 1978, C. Luer 2777 (SEL); same
}:
rona-Santiago: Valle del Upano, collected by A.
Adie & M. Portilla, cultivated at Paute, 24 May 1988, C. Luer 13622 (M
916 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
me STS Ete Sania en EAE Be
Bi ne gppsembbas omee side AALS in
Plate 465. Masdevallia zamorensis
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 913
The first specimen of this species was imported without collection data from Colombia and cultivated by Messrs. Veitch at Chelsea, England. In his description of it as M. xanthina, Reichenbach noted the color to be yellow with a dark-violet patch at the base of the sepals. This pair of ‘‘eye-spots” is presumed to be a guide for the pollinator. Similar taxa without the eye-spots probably utilize other pollina- tors. In her monograph of the genus Masdevallia Florence Woolward recognized a white-flowered variation with eye-spots as var. pallida. The white variation occurs poe frequently in Ecuador on both sides of the Andes.
ilar taxa have been recognized at the specific level, and some have been Beane to variations to be included in a broad concept of a Masdevallia xanthina- complex. Many look-alike taxa ary anErenne by the simple morphology em- ployed here. Treating all in one ‘‘super-species”’ has been proposed. Differently shaped and differently colored variations are found in various geographical regions. Consul Lehmann, as quoted by Miss Woolward, was well aware of this. To try to name them all is impractical. To add to the folly of trying to separate them is the impossibility to decide which of the names to apply to many specimens represented in herbaria by poor fragments of crushed flowers. It is not even possible to differen- tiate between freshly pickled flowers after the colors are lost.
Those taxa with essentially white, usually larger flowers without an ‘‘eye-spot” at the base of the sepals (suggesting a different pollinator) are treated as M. kla- bochiorum. The taxon with orange flowers without an ‘“‘eye-spot”’ are treated as M. mandarina; the Peruvian taxon with rose-colored flowers is treated as M. cloesii.
Many specimens are not cited in the distributions because it cannot be deter- mined to which species they should be attributed. Those closely related taxa that vary significantly from the first M. xanthina include M. apparitio, M. asterotricha, M. bottae, M. cloesii, M. cylix, M. discolor, M. iris, M. klabochiorum, M. mandari- na, M. nivea, M. purpurella, M. sanctae-inesiae, and M. venatoria.
918 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
SPECIES DESCRIBED IN MASDEVALLIA ATTRIBUTABLE TO SUBSECTION OSCILLANTES
M. albella Luer & Teague Plates 466, 467. M. amoena Luer Plate 468. M. andreett Luer Plates 469, 470. M. ariasii Luer Plate 471. M. castor Luer & Cloes Plate 472. M. catepheres Koniger Plate 473. M. citrinella Luer & Malo Plate 474. M. cretata Luer ... Plate 475. M. dalessandroi Luer Plates 476, 477. M. ejiriana Luer & Portilla Plate 478. M. formosa Luer & Cloes Plate 479. M. josei Luer Plate 480. M. manta Koniger Plate 481. M. microptera Luer & Wiirstle Plate 482. M. nikoleana Luer & Portilla Plate 483. M. ortalis Luer............. Plate 484. M. persicina Luer.............. Plate 485. M. phasmatodes Koniger....... ‘ Plate 486. M. pollux Luer & Cloes........ i Plates 487, 488. M. pteroglossa Schltr. Plate 489. M. rhodehameliana Luer........ Plate 490. M. rodolfoi (Braas) Luer............ Plate 491. M. rodolfoi subsp. ortalis (Luer) Luer = M. ortalis
M. rubeola Luer & Vasquez.................. Plate 492. M. rubiginosa Kéniger....... Plates 493, 494. M. sulphurella Koniger.......... Plate 495. adda a |} enn Plate 496. M. velox Koniger = M. dalessandroi
M. wageneriana Lind. ex Lindl... Plate 497.
M. Xwubbenii Luer Plate 498.
Clee veR eee eveceene CATES CPOE OCSET ORE Newey Sebi Oe eee be
Mee Plate 499.
SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 915 Masdevallia zamorensis Luer & J.Portilla, Selbyana 22: 116, 2001.
Ety.: Named for the community of Zamora, near where the species was collected.
Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 0.5-0.8 cm long, en- ee by 2- sia tahaber oe Hi Pes erect, coriaceous, sehr v ep 3-4.5 cm long including the pe- iole 0.5-1. ong, t obtuse, 1.1-1.3 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. In- iaeeciein a raiaee one borne | - a soaiioe ‘erect seer 20-25 mm long, with a bract above the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 9 mm long; pedicel 9 long; ovary 4.5 mm long; sepals light yellow, lightly suffused oe brown toward the base, — with the edges cellular-erose, the dorsal sepal suborbicular-obovate, concave, 11 mm long, 10 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals 3m a shallow, conical, adie cup, the apex isis — Opa into a slender, yellow tail 32 mm tome the lateral sepals suborbicular, 12 mm long, 11 wide, ate 5 mm to form : a lamina, the apices rounded, abruptly contracted into a dicteice tail 30 mr mm long, similar to hat of the dorsal sepal; petals white, oblong, 5 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, the apex truncate, shallowly rime the labellar margin with a longitudinal callus, terminating in a descending, narrowly obtuse process just above the — aa light tan, obovate, narrowed above the middle, 5.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, with the margins thin, minutely erose and anne Sin beoadly rounded below the middle, the apex narr truncate, with a black. marginal callus, the disc sh ly sulcate between a pair of low calli on the middle third, the base rounded, en paeiropis whiite with purple margins, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot ca 2 mm long, with a
ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: near Zamora, alt. ca. 1000 m, flowered in cultivation at Ecuagenera, Gu Biacen, oe 5 Mar. 2001, C. Luer 19741 (Holotype: MO).
This species from southern Ecuador is another of the numerous species closely allied to M. xanthina. It is characterized by gaping, rounded, light yellow sepals, lightly suffused with brown basally, and abrupt, slender tails. The marginal callus of the petals terminates in a narrowly obtuse process. The lip is obovate and narrowed above the middle to a narrow apex with a black callus.
920 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
14 Petals irregular with a triangular process near the middle and a smaller one at the base M. microptera 14’ Petals oblong with a triangular process above the base 15
15 Lip with short, obtuse, lateral lobes M. albella 15’ Lip with broad, uncinate, retrorse, lateral lobes M. manta 16